青少年身体素质发展“敏感期”特性与训练干预“溢出效应”机理研究  

Study on the Characteristics of the“Sensitive Period”in the Development of Physical Fitness in Adolescents and the Mechanism of the“Spillover Effect”of Training Interventions

作　　者：张星杰 周家颖[3] ZHANG Xingjie;ZHOU Jiaying(Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xian 710049,China;Huangshan University,Huangshan 245041,Anhui,China;Xi'an Physical Education University,Xi'an 710068,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学,西安710049 [2]黄山学院,安徽黄山245041 [3]西安体育学院,西安710068

出　　处：《西安体育学院学报》2024年第2期169-175,共7页Journal of Xi'an Physical Education University

基　　金：国家体育总局备战奥运会科技攻关与科技服务保障项目(2019TJ005)。

摘　　要：发展身体素质是提升人体运动能力的基础,敏感时间限制、训练效应的不可逆性与特异性是身体素质发展“敏感期”的基本特征,身高增长速度峰值(PHV)是确立身体素质发展“敏感期”的有效方法。训练干预“溢出效应”的机理研究需要综合考虑神经系统的发育可塑性、肌肉和骨骼系统的适应能力以及激素水平的动态变化等方面因素。通过科学的训练计划和适当的环境刺激,可以在“敏感期”内将训练效益最大化,实现身体素质的最优发展。研究旨在为儿童和青少年的体育教育和运动锻炼提供科学依据,帮助制定更有效的训练计划,以促进身体素质的整体发展。Developing physical fitness is fundamental to enhancing human athletic ability.The basic characteristics of the“sensitive period”for physical fitness development include limited sensitive timing,the irreversible and specific effects of training.The peak height velocity(PHV)is the effective method to establish the“sensitive period”for physical fitness development.The human body becomes more sensitive to training interventions during phases of rapid development in neural,muscular,and other organ tissues,and surges in hormone levels,leading to a“spillover effect”of training interventions.Appropriate training interventions during the“sensitive period”can accelerate the development of physical fitness,achieving more with less effort.The research aims to provide scientific basis for physical education and exercise for children and adolescents,help them develop more effective training plans,and promote the overall development of physical fitness.

关 键 词：“敏感期”特性 训练干预 溢出效应 身体素质 

分 类 号：G808.17[文化科学—体育训练]