合约安排与小农户增收——对“小农户+合作社”体系中三种典型利益联结模式的考察  

Contractual Arrangements and SmallholdersIncome Growth:Based on Three Typical Patterns of Interest Linkage Between Smallholders and Cooperatives

作　　者：梁海兵[1] 姚仁福 Liang Haibing;Yao Renfu(School of Economics,Lanzhou University)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学经济学院

出　　处：《经济科学》2024年第3期158-177,共20页Economic Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“小农户有效融入乡村特色产业的增收路径研究”(项目编号:21BJY175)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：既有研究独立探讨了小农户与合作社之间多种利益联结模式的各自增收效果,但对于什么样的利益联结模式能够更好地促进小农户增收尚无定论。为此,本文构建了一个集消费与生产于一体的农户模型以分析合约安排与小农户增收的因果关系,并基于CLES(2020—2022年)数据对三种典型利益联结模式的增收效果展开实证检验和比较研究。研究表明:第一,合约安排与小农户增收存在正向因果关系,增收效果从低到高依次为“租地+雇工”模式、合同农业模式和股份合作模式。这一结论在考虑遗漏变量估计偏误、内生性检验、替换样本等一系列稳健性检验之后依然成立。第二,小农户依托合约安排通过土地转出和劳动时间再配置(“租地+雇工”模式)、产品溢价(合同农业模式),以及提升产业价值份额(股份合作模式)等路径实现有效增收。本文研究有效识别了小农户与合作社合约安排的三种典型利益联结模式的增收差异及其作用机制,为实现小农户和现代农业发展有机衔接提供了倾向性增收模式与实现路径的理论支撑。Previous studies have explored the income-increasing effect of various interest linkage models between smallholders and cooperatives,but it is not yet known which interest linkage model can promote smallholdersincome growth better.This paper constructs a farmer model that integrates consumption and production to analyze the causal relationship between contractual ar-rangement and smallholdersincome growth.Based on CLES(2020—2022)data,this paper conducts empirical testing of the income-increasing effect on three typical interest linkage mod-els.The results show that:(1)There is a significant causal relationship between contractual ar-rangements and smallholders’income growth.The income-increasing effect from the lower to the higher is,the“renting land+hiring workers”model,contract farming model and stock coopera-tion model,and this causal effect is still valid after considering robustness tests such as the esti-mation error of omitted variables,endogeneity,and replacement of samples.(2)Smallholders rely on contractual arrangements to achieve effective income growth through farmland transfer-out and labor time reallocating(“renting land+hiring workers”model),premium on products(contract farming model),and increasing industrial value share(stock cooperation model).This paper effectively identifies the income differences and mechanisms of three typical interest linkage models of contractual arrangements between smallholders and cooperatives,providing the-oretical support for the connection between smallholders and modern agricultural development,as well as the income increasing mode and implementation path.

关 键 词：小农户 合约安排 利益联结模式 增收 

分 类 号：F325.1[经济管理—产业经济] F328