农田排水对地表水环境影响的调查  

Investigation of the Impact of Cropland Drainage on Surface Water Environment

作　　者：柴宁 CHAI Ning(Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring Technology,Liaoning Provincial Ecological Environment Monitoring Center,Shenyang 110016,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省生态环境监测中心,辽宁省环境监测技术重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110016

出　　处：《中国环境监测》2024年第3期134-145,共12页Environmental Monitoring in China

摘　　要：中国是农业大国,以保障食品供应安全为前提的农耕生产,还未将生态环境保护纳入生产过程进行管理。为进一步了解农耕生产对地表水环境的影响,支撑未来生态环境管理需求,选取具有代表性的独立水田和旱田作为实验区块,在备耕期追加底肥,泡田时段和农作物生长期施加农药、化肥、除草剂、杀虫剂等各个农事环节前后时段,跟踪监测实验区块内积水、外排水、周边受纳水体在实验区块排水前后的水质变化情况,共设置27个监测点位,收集4 184个实验数据。实验显示:农田排水会污染地表水环境,污染具有冲击性,且与农药和化肥的施用时间、种类和数量密切相关,并随农田农药和化肥肥效衰减而逐渐降低直至消失。China is a big agriculture contry,and the current agricultural production based on the premise of ensuring the safety of food supply has not yet incorporated ecological environmental protection into the production process for management.In order to further understand the impact of agricultural production on surface water environment to support the administration requirement on ecological environmental protection,the working tearm selected representative,independent paddy and dry fields to carry out tracking monitoring water quality varieties in the experimental plot,including the internal water,external drainage,and the water section of the surrounding receiving water before and after drainage.The sampling implemented after the activities on applying base fertilizer,manuring,pesticides,herbicide,insecticide,and field drainage etc and also the runoff from dry fields confluenced into surface receiving waterbody,drainage dischared from paddy fields.There were 27 monitoring sites established,4184 dates collected.The experiment showed that the cropland drainage could bring a suddenly strong pollution to the surfacewater environment,and the pollution degree was closely related to the application time,types and amount of pesticides and fertilizers,and gradually decreased and disappeared with the decay of cropland pesticides and fertilizers.

关 键 词：农田排水 地表水环境 冲击性影响 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]