基于环境DNA宏条形码的青岚湖自然保护区鱼类组成及分布特征  

Research on Composition and Distribution Characteristics of Fishs in the Qinglan Lake Nature Reserve Based on Environmental DNA Metabarcoding

作　　者：史艳萍 屈婵娟 许旺 周春花[2] 梁璐 王宇翔 任文伟[3] 戴年华[7] 徐晓娟 黎栩霞 计勇[1] 吴小平[2] 金斌松 SHI Yanping;QU Chanjuan;XU Wang;ZHOU Chunhua;LIANG Lu;WANG Yuxiang;REN Wenwei;DAI Nianhua;XU Xiaojuan;LI Xuxia;JI Yong;WU Xiaoping;JIN Binsong(School of Water Conservancy and Ecological Engineering,Nanchang Institute of Technology,Nanchang 330099,China;Jiangxi Poyang Lake Wetland Conservation and Restoration National Permanent Scientific Research Base,Jiangxi Poyang Lake Wetland Ecosystem Country Home Positioning Observation and Research Station,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity,School and Research Institute of Life Sciences,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;Jiaxing-Tongji Environment Research Institute,Jiaxing 314051,China;Shenzhen Ecological Environment Monitoring Center Station of Guangdong Province,Shenzhen 518049,China;Department of Biology,Queen's University,Kingston K7L 3N6,Canada;Jiangxi Academy of Sciences,Nanchang 330029,China;Hydrology and Water Resources Monitoring Center for Ganjiang River Upstream,Ganzhou 341000,China;College of Life and Environmental Sciences,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌工程学院水利与生态工程学院,江西南昌330099 [2]江西鄱阳湖湿地保护与恢复国家长期科研基地,江西鄱阳湖湿地生态系统国家定位观测研究站,江西省流域生态演变与生物多样性重点实验室,南昌大学生命科学学院和研究院,江西南昌330031 [3]同济大学环境科学与工程学院,上海200092 [4]嘉兴同济环境研究院,浙江嘉兴314051 [5]广东省深圳生态环境监测中心站,广东深圳518049 [6]Department of Biology,Queen's University,Ontario Kingston K7L 3N6 [7]江西科学院,江西南昌330029 [8]赣江上游水文水资源监测中心,江西赣州341000 [9]杭州师范大学生命与环境科学学院,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《中国环境监测》2024年第3期235-246,共12页Environmental Monitoring in China

摘　　要：为探究在不同引物、不同参考数据库下环境DNA技术检测结果的差异,于2021年4月,采用环境DNA宏条形码技术分析了青岚湖鱼类多样性。选取16S rRNA及Cytb 2种引物,NCBI及本地数据库2种数据库,分别进行比对注释。结果表明:在青岚湖29个采样点中,共检测到7目15科43属64种鱼类,其中在16S-NCBI情形下获得4目9科19属20种鱼类,在16S-本地数据库情形下获得6目13科27属38种鱼类,在Cytb-NCBI情形下获得4目6科16属19种鱼类,在Cytb-本地数据库情形下获得2目5科15属20种鱼类。在青岚湖29个采样点中,鱼类更多地分布于湖面宽阔的中间地带(如S31附近),且南部较北部更少,鱼种的分布呈现一定的空间相似性。就研究区域而言,选择16S rRNA引物及本地数据库可以获得更全面的鱼类物种。通过与青岚湖鱼类历史数据比对发现,环境DNA技术在研究区域具有较强的适用性,如能选择适当的引物和本地数据库,可以更全面地反映研究区域的物种组成情况。In order to understand the differences in environmental DNA technology testing results under the conditions of selecting different primers and databases,we used this method to explore fish diversity in the Qinglan Lake in April 2021.Two primers,16S rRNA and Cytb,were selected,and NCBI and local databases were compared and annotated.The results showed that:A total of 7 orders,15 families,43 genera and 64 species of fish were detected at 29 sampling sites in the Qinglan Lake.Among them,4 orders,9 families,19 genera and 20 species of fish were obtained under 16S-NCBI;6 orders,13 families,27 genera and 38 species were obtained under 16S-local database;4 orders,6 families,16 genera and 19 species were obtained under Cytb-NCBI;2 orders,5 families,15 genera and 20 species were obtained from Cytb-local database.Among the 29 sampling sites in the Qinglan Lake,more fish were distributed in the middle of the broad area of the lake(such as near S31),and fewer fish species were distributed in the south than in the north,showing a certain spatial similarity.In terms of the study area,selecting 16S rRNA primers and local databases can obtain more fish species than other primers and NCBI.This study shows that environmental DNA has great potential in biodiversity detection,but its detection effect is affected by primers and databases.

关 键 词：环境DNA宏条形码 鄱阳湖 鱼类多样性 引物 参考数据库 

分 类 号：X835[环境科学与工程—环境工程]