湖南省常德市一次寒露风天气过程分析  

Analysis of a cold dew wind weather process in Changde City,Hunan Province

作　　者：聂佶豪 崔国贤[1] 付虹雨 NIE Jihao;CUI Guoxian;FU Hongyu(College of Agriculture,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《湖南文理学院学报（自然科学版）》2024年第3期84-88,共5页Journal of Hunan University of Arts and Science(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-16-E11);湖南省教育厅重点项目(23A0178)。

摘　　要：寒露风对农作物生产影响较大,由于低温,晚稻花粉粒无法正常成熟和受精,水稻易出现空粒。在灌浆前期若晚稻遇到大风低温天气,会产生倒伏现象,并阻碍其灌浆过程,导致减产。因此,从环流角度分析寒露风的成因、根据天气变化特点预测寒露风天气的发生、对农业生产进行指导,能够有效减少农作物的损失。本文基于2022年10月4日至9日湖南省常德市发生的强寒露风天气过程,利用ERA-5再分析资料和站点观测资料,从大气环流角度分析了此次寒露风的成因。研究结果表明,此次寒露风天气过程是在长江流域长时间较同期高温干旱的背景下,高纬度冷高压迅速南移伴随的强冷空气南下所致。由于2022年10月3日前副热带高压偏北,南方气温较高,日平均气温达到30℃以上;而在之后冷空气南下时副热带高压迅速南撤,冷空气控制常德地区,温度急剧下降;日平均气温在15℃以下,由此导致剧烈降温;同时因为常德地区较为干旱,因此2022年10月4日之后常德地区出现了较长时间的低温少雨天气。研究结果对常德市的寒露风预报具有一定科学意义。Cold dew wind has a great influence on crop production.Because of low temperature,the pollen grains of late rice cannot mature and fertilize normally,and rice is prone to empty grains.In the early stage of grain filling,strong wind and low temperature will lead to lodging in late rice,which will hinder the grain filling process and cause yield reduction.Therefore,analyzing the causes of cold dew wind from the perspective of circulation,predicting the occurrence of cold dew wind weather according to the characteristics of weather changes and guiding agricultural production can effectively reduce the loss of crops.Based on the severe cold dew wind weather process in Changde City,Hunan Province from October 4th to 9th,2022,this paper analyzes the causes from the perspective of atmospheric circulation by using ERA-5 reanalysis data and station observation data.The results show that the cold dew wind weather process was caused by the strong cold air accompanying the rapid southward movement of high latitude cold high pressure in the Yangtze River basin under the background of high temperature and drought for a long time.Before October 3rd,2022,the subtropical high was northward and the temperature in the south was high,and the daily average temperature reached above 30℃.After that,when the cold air went south,the subtropical high quickly retreated south,and the cold air controlled Changde area,and the temperature dropped sharply.The daily average temperature was below 15℃,which led to severe cooling.At the same time,because of the drought in Changde area,there was a long period of low temperature and little rain after October 4th,2022.The research results have certain scientific significance for the cold dew wind forecast in Changde city.

关 键 词：寒露风 天气形势 常德市 

分 类 号：S162.53[农业科学—农业气象学] S511.33[农业科学—农业基础科学]