高等教育促进社会阶层流动了吗?——基于CGSS数据的PSM实证分析  

Does Higher Education Promote Social Mobility?——an Empirical Analysis of PSM Based on CGSS Data

作　　者：刘志红 冯慧敏 LIU Zhi-hong;FENG Hui-min(School of Economics and Management,Yichun University,Yichun 336000,China)

机构地区：[1]宜春学院经济与管理学院,江西宜春336000

出　　处：《宜春学院学报》2024年第5期55-61,共7页Journal of Yichun University

基　　金：江西省教育科学“十四五”规划项目“普及化阶段高等教育促进社会阶层流动与教育公平”(项目编号:22YB219)。

摘　　要：基于2013年、2015年、2017年和2018年“中国综合社会调查”混合截面数据,采用准自然实验PSM方法以克服自选择性和内生性问题,探讨高等教育促进社会阶层流动的工具性作用。结果表明:(1)高等教育仍是促进社会阶层流动的渠道之一,但克服自选择性和内生性后,高等教育促进社会阶层流动的“净效应”大大降低;(2)高等教育促进社会阶层流动存在感知社会阶层流动、预期社会阶层流动和代际社会阶层流动的异质性,高等教育不能使感知社会阶层得到显著提升,但却能显著促进预期和代际社会阶层向上流动;(3)扩招后高等教育不能显著促进社会阶层向上流动,高等教育不能显著促进农业户口、弱势经济地位家庭子女社会阶层流动向上流动,高等教育“阶层复制”的工具性作用有所强化。Based on the mixed cross-section data of the four rounds of“China’s General Social Survey”in 2013,2015,2017 and 2018,the PSM method of quasi-natural experiment is adopted to overcome the problems of self-selection and endogenesis,and to explore the instrumental role of higher education in promoting social mobility.The results show that higher education is still one of the channels to promote social mobility,but after overcoming the self-selection and endogenesis,the“net effect”of higher education to promote social mobility is greatly reduced.Higher education can promote the mobility of social class with the heterogeneity of perceived social class mobility,expected social class mobility and intergenerational social class mobility.Higher education cannot significantly improve the perceived social class,but can significantly promote the expected and intergenerational social class upward mobility.After enrollment expansion,higher education cannot significantly promote the upward mobility of social class,and higher education cannot significantly promote the upward mobility of social class of children from agricultural household registration and disadvantaged economic status families.The instrumental role of higher education“class replication”has been strengthened.

关 键 词：高等教育 社会阶层流动 PSM 阶层复制 

分 类 号：C81[社会学—统计学]