老年人算法歧视的法治应对  

Legal regulation of algorithmic discrimination in the elderly

作　　者：李志强[1] LI Zhiqiang(Law School,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学法学院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《重庆大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期253-264,共12页Journal of Chongqing University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“积极老龄化视阈下我国老年人群体的立法分类与应对研究”(18YJC820041);国家社会科学基金西部项目“老年人独立原则立法研究”(19XFX009)。

摘　　要：对老年人歧视的社会与制度偏见嵌套入“算法黑箱”中,不仅技术性固化了传统老年人歧视社会建构的场景观念,而且加剧了对老年人群体社会排斥的隐性歧视,与“积极应对人口老龄化”国家战略要求相背离。建立在互联网、大数据、人工智能、量子信息与区块链等数字化信息技术快速迭代发展基础上的算法,不仅将老年人技术性歧视为原子型与比特型两类群体,进而对比特型群体的老年人以微粒化与标签化的方式进行直接或间接隐性歧视,而且利用其时间复杂度与空间复杂度的特点,将现行法律法规中存在的“年龄歧视”等立法不足或缺陷问题给与“合法化”承认并无限放大,实质损害老年人群体的应然权益。通过对老年人叠加算法后遭遇的三种主要歧视类型进行原因解读,明晰社会变迁与科技发展叠加背景下老年人同时遭遇“前喻文化”代际鸿沟与技术迭代数字鸿沟的双重冲击,而进入比特世界场景的老年人仍然面临嵌套偏见与复杂规则的算法塑造的老年人画像的直接排斥或不公平对待间接歧视的自动化决策歧视情形。我国现行立法关于老年人的单一年龄维度界定标准与有关老年人退休、退职的规定,既无视老年人的个体差异性,也脱离了社会发展的实际情况,不符合社会保障法的功能设计与本质要求。因此,应从法治的角度进行顶层设计,对破解老年人算法歧视与积极应对人口老龄化国家战略之间存在的现实矛盾与发展悖论问题予以合理化规制,即用分层理论完善老年人法律制度以纠正法律本质主义年龄歧视下的制度性缺陷,解构数字孪生法律制度嵌套规制老年人歧视的“算法黑箱”,赋予老年人算法自决权以积极推动“积极应对人口老龄化”国家战略,从而平衡科技发展与老年人群体权益保护之间的利益关系,确保科技向善和算法造福老年人The social and institutional bias of discrimination against the elderly is embedded in the algorithm black-box,which not only technically solidifies the traditional concept of social construction of discrimination against the elderly,but also intensifies the implicit discrimination against the elderly group,forming a deviation from the national strategy of active aging.The algorithm,based on the rapid iterative development of digital information technologies such as the internet,big data,artificial intelligence,quantum information,and blockchain,not only discriminates against the elderly technically into atomic and bit-based groups,directly or indirectly discriminates against the elderly in bit-based groups in a granular and labeled manner,but also utilizes its characteristics of time complexity and spatial complexity,legitimately recognizes and unlimitedly amplifies legislative deficiencies such as age discrimination in current laws and regulations,which substantially damages the legitimate rights and interests of the elderly population.By interpreting the reasons for the three main types of discrimination experienced by the elderly after the addition of algorithms,it is clear that under the background of social changes and technological development,the elderly are simultaneously facing the dual impact of the prefigurative culture intergenerational gap and the technological iteration digital gap.Elderly people entering the bit world scene still face automated decision-making discrimination situations such as direct exclusion or unfair treatment of indirect discrimination created by algorithms with nested biases and complex rules.The current legislation in China regarding the definition of a single age dimension for elderly people and the provisions on retirement of elderly people not only ignore the individual differences of elderly people,but also deviate from the actual situation of social development,which do not meet the functional design and essential requirements of the social security law.Therefore,a top-

关 键 词：老年人 积极老龄化 数字鸿沟 算法歧视 法律失灵 

分 类 号：D923.8[政治法律—民商法学]