论死者人格利益的保护期限——兼评《民法典》第994条  

Study on the period of protection of the deceased’s personality interests:concurrently discuss article 994 of the Civil Code

作　　者：杨东升 王叶刚 YANG Dongsheng;WANG Yegang(Law School,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610207,P.R.China;Law School,Central University of Finance and Economics,Beijing 100081,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学法学院,四川成都610207 [2]中央财经大学法学院,北京100081

出　　处：《重庆大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期265-276,共12页Journal of Chongqing University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“个人信息收集、处理行为合法性研究”(20CFX015)。

摘　　要：近年来,随着大数据、人工智能技术的崛起,诸如ChatGPT,其超越深度合成的生成式AI技术造成了实践中对名誉权、肖像权、个人隐私、死者人格利益等人格权侵权案件的频发。如何在享受技术红利的同时降低技术进步带来的负面效应,是我国建设社会主义法治国家道路上亟待解决的问题。审视过去,我国历来重视对人格尊严的保护,自1982年至今,我国宪法均以专门条款的形式对我国公民的人格尊严作出了明确的宣示性规定,表明了党和国家以人民为中心的执政理念。纵观我国对死者人格利益保护制度的演进历程,共经历了判例阶段、司法解释阶段和成文法规制阶段,自20世纪80年代起,著名的陈秀琴诉魏锡林案、“荷花女”案开创了我国死者人格利益保护司法实践的先河。在这一时期,我国司法机关的重点工作也包含了对死者人格利益的保护,其先后发布了与死者人格利益相关的数份解答、批复,这些官方文件汇聚成了丰富的死者人格利益保护规则。在这些解答、批复之后,我国司法机关也以司法解释的形式专门制定了死者人格利益的相关保护规则。自2021年《民法典》颁布施行后,《民法典》第994条专门对死者人格利益的保护作出规定,标志着我国对死者人格利益的保护进入了成文法规制阶段。然而,不论是从现行法律制定层面还是学术理论层面审视死者人格利益保护期限这一具体问题,关于死者人格利益保护期限是否应当予以区分而分别确定保护期限以及如何设置保护期限等问题仍具有较大不确定性。实际上,财产利益与精神利益作为死者人格利益不可或缺的组成部分,这两者不论是在保护期限方面还是在保护对象方面,均存在较大差异。本文经研究认为,死者人格利益中财产利益的保护期限应当以死者继承人的生存期为标准予以确定,而死者人格利益中�In recent years,with the rise of big data and artificial intelligence technologies,such as ChatGPT,its generative AI technology that goes beyond deep synthesis has led to frequent infringement cases of personality rights such as reputation rights,portrait rights,personal privacy,and the personal interests of the deceased in practice.How to reduce the negative effects of technological progress while enjoying technological dividends is an urgent problem that needs to be solved on the road to building a socialist rule of law country in China.Looking back at the past,China has always attached great importance to the protection of human dignity.Since 1982,the Chinese Constitution has made clear declarative provisions on the personal dignity of Chinese citizens in the form of special provisions,demonstrating the governing philosophy of the Party and the state centered on the people.Throughout the evolution of China’s system for protecting the personal interests of the deceased,it has gone through stages of precedent,judicial interpretation,and written regulations.Since the 1980s,the famous cases of Chen Xiuqin v.Wei Xilin and“Lotus Woman”have pioneered the judicial practice of protecting the personal interests of the deceased in China.During this period,the focus of China’s judicial organs also included the protection of the personal interests of the deceased.They successively issued several answers and approvals related to the personal interests of the deceased.These official documents gathered into a rich set of rules for the protection of the personal interests of the deceased.After these answers and approvals,China’s judicial organs also specifically stipulated the relevant protection rules for the personal interests of the deceased in the form of judicial interpretations.Later,since the promulgation and implementation of the Civil Code in 2021,Article 994 of the Civil Code specifically provides provisions for the protection of the personal interests of the deceased,marking that China’s protection of th

关 键 词：民法典 死者人格利益 精神利益 财产利益 公共利益 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]