论《民法典》视域下侵害企业法人名称权的行为类型及其认定  

On the Types of Acts Infringing the Right to a Corporate Name of an Enterprise and Their Determination Under the Perspective of the Civil Code

作　　者：刘泓宇 LIU Hongyu(School of Law,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《信阳农林学院学报》2024年第2期17-21,26,共6页Journal of Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University

摘　　要：《民法典》第1014条采用列举加概括的方式,规定了侵害姓名权和名称权的行为类型。已列举的“干涉、盗用、假冒”三类侵害行为皆立足于保护姓名权的自决利益、个性化利益、同一性利益和财产利益,而未实际考虑姓名权与名称权保护之间的差异,导致名称权保护的民法规则适用范围严重受限。企业法人名称不同于自然人姓名,本身即可作为商业标识使用。侵害企业法人名称权的行为类型及认定,应当遵循法人人格权的体系安排,分为侵害名称同一性利益的假冒行为,以及侵害自决利益和财产利益的行为类型。具体行为违法性要件的构成,可以参照司法实践中的判断标准或名称权保护的其他既定规则。Article 1014 of the Civil Code sets out the types of violations of the right to a name and the right to a name in an enumerative and general manner.The three types of infringement listed,namely "interference,misappropriation and counterfeiting",are all based on the protection of the interests of self-determination,individuality,homogeneity and property of the right to a name,without taking into account the differences between the protection of the right to a name and the right to a name,which results in a serious limitation of the scope of application of the civil law rules on the protection of the right to a name.The name of an enterprise or legal person is different from the name of a natural person,and can be used as a commercial sign in itself.The types of acts infringing on the right to a corporate name and their identification should follow the systematic arrangement of the personality rights of legal persons,and be divided into counterfeiting acts infringing on the interests of the identity of the name,as well as counterfeiting acts infringing on the interests of self-determination and property,and acts of commercial exploitation.The composition of the elements of illegality of specific acts may refer to the standards of judgement in judicial practice or other established rules for the protection of the right to a name.

关 键 词：名称权 《民法典》 人格权 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]