离子型稀土镁盐浸矿开采工艺中环境特征因子控制要求初探  

Preliminary Exploration of Environmental Characteristic Factor Control Standards in Ionic Rare Earth Magnesium Salt Leaching Mining Process

作　　者：孙晖 任锋[2] 张启军[2] 吴丁丁 胡海平 SUN Hui;REN Feng;ZHANG Qijun;WU Dingding;HU Haiping(Chinatex Corporation Limited,Beijing 100005,China;China ENFI Engineering Corporation,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中纺集团有限公司,北京100005 [2]中国恩菲工程技术有限公司,北京100038

出　　处：《绿色矿冶》2024年第3期83-87,共5页Sustainable Mining and Metallurgy

摘　　要：镁盐体系原地浸矿工艺是一种新型离子型稀土矿绿色开采工艺,与传统的硫酸铵浸矿工艺相比,新工艺避免了氨氮污染问题,但伴随镁盐浸矿开采工艺产生的镁、TDS等特征因子同样是环保重点管控的指标,明确其环境控制要求是新工艺环保管理和环境影响评价的前提。本文介绍了国内外有关镁的环境标准,通过文献调研、标准类比、限值反演等方法,综合镁盐浸矿工艺特征、区域水环境质量、特征因子对环境和人体危害程度等因素,初步提出镁盐浸矿工艺相对合理的特征因子控制要求。建议地下水中镁的标准限值参考波兰的标准(取100 mg/L),地表水中镁的标准限值建议取100 mg/L;废水中镁的排放控制限值建议取500 mg/L或不设置排放限值,通过硫酸盐排放管控间接控制镁的排放影响。The in-situ leaching process of magnesium salt system is a new type of green mining process for ionic rare earth ore.Compared with the traditional ammonium sulfate leaching process,the new process avoids the problem of ammonia nitrogen pollution.However,the characteristic factors such as magnesium and TDS produced by the magnesium salt leaching mining process are also the key indicators of environmental protection control.Clarifying its environmental control requirements is the premise of environmental protection management and environmental impact assessment of the new process.In this paper,the environmental standards of magnesium at home and abroad were introduced.Through literature research,standard analogy,limit inversion and other methods,the characteristics of magnesium salt leaching process,the quality of regional water environment,the degree of harm of characteristic factors to the environment and human body were integrated.The relatively reasonable characteristic factor control requirements of magnesium salt leaching process were preliminarily put forward.It is suggested that the standard limit of magnesium in groundwater should refer to the standard of Poland(100 mg/L),and the standard limit of magnesium in surface water should be 100 mg/L;the emission control limit of magnesium in wastewater is suggested to be 500 mg/L or not to set the emission limit,and the emission effect of magnesium is indirectly controlled through sulfate emission control.

关 键 词：离子型稀土 镁盐浸矿 环境特征因子 控制要求 镁 溶解性总固体 

分 类 号：TF845[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] X758[环境科学与工程—环境工程]