基于VMD-HHT的井下预裂爆破振动效应分析  

Vibration Effect Analysis of Downhole Pre-splitting Blasting Based on VMDHHT

作　　者：李祥龙[1] 余林 黄原明 陈浩 赵艳伟[2] LI Xianglong;YU Lin;HUANG Yuanming;CHEN Hao;ZHAO Yanwei(Faculty of Land Resources Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,Yunnan,China;Yuxi Mining Co.,Ltd.,Yuxi 653100,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学国土资源与工程学院,云南昆明650093 [2]玉溪矿业有限公司,云南玉溪653100

出　　处：《黄金科学技术》2024年第3期501-510,共10页Gold Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“爆破荷载下矿岩破碎特性响应机理研究”(编号:52274083);云南省重大科技专项项目“深地资源安全高效低生态损害开采理论与技术”(编号:202202AG050014)联合资助。

摘　　要：云南玉溪大红山铜矿现有采矿方法为分段空场嗣后充填法,采用大爆破工艺,由于一次爆破的药量过大导致对保留岩体的损伤较大,影响采场的稳定性。为解决此问题,按照多打孔少装药的原则,在距保留岩体一定距离处布置一排较为密集的炮孔,并减小单孔装药量,在主爆区起爆之前先起爆该排炮孔,形成一条具有一定宽度的缝隙,以减弱对保留岩体的损伤。基于变分模态分解和希尔伯特黄变换(VMDHHT)方法对现场实测的爆破振动信号进行分析。结果表明:本次预裂爆破振动信号的瞬时能量分布区间主要集中在0~0.5 s内,频率分布的区间主要集中在40 Hz以内;采用3个测点的合速度进行减振率计算,得到3个测点减振率分别为21.0%、30.1%和38.5%,有效减小了爆破振动对保留岩体的损伤和破坏。The current mining method employed at Dahongshan copper mine in Yuxi,Yunnan Province utilizes the large blasting technology of sublevel open-stope subsequent filling method.However,due to the excessive amount of explosive used in each blast,significant damage is inflicted upon the retained rock mass which ultimately affects stope stability.In order to address this issue,a more holes and less charge approach has been implemented whereby dense blast holes are arranged at a certain distance from the retained rock mass and single hole charges have been reduced.Prior to detonating the main detonation zone,these rows of holes are first detonated thereby creating a gap with a specific width that serves to minimize damage inflicted upon the retained rock mass.The variational mode decomposition and Hilbert-Huang transform(VMD-HHT)method was employed in this study to analyze the field-measured blasting vibration signals.The results show that the instantaneous energy distribution of the pre-splitting vibration signals primarily concentrates within the time range of 0 to 0.5 seconds,while the frequency distribution predominantly lies within the range of 40 Hz.The combined velocity of the three measuring points is used to calculate the vibration reduction rate,and the vibration reduction rates of the three measuring points are 21.0%,30.1%and 38.5%,respectively,which effectively reduces the damage and destruction of blasting vibration to the retained rock mass.

关 键 词：预裂爆破 爆破振动 VMD-HHT 减振率 能量分布 大红山铜矿 

分 类 号：TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设]