高应力扇形中深孔采场边帮控制爆破参数优化  

Optimization of Stope Sidewall Controlled Blasting Parameters for High-Stress Fan-Shaped Medium-Depth Hole

作　　者：李波[1] 温晨 史秀志[1] LI Bo;WEN Chen;SHI Xiuzhi(School of Resources and Safety Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,Hunan,China;Zijin(Changsha)Engineering Technology Co.,Ltd.,Changsha 410017,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学资源与安全工程学院,湖南长沙410083 [2]紫金(长沙)工程技术有限公司,湖南长沙410017

出　　处：《黄金科学技术》2024年第3期511-522,共12页Gold Science and Technology

基　　金：‘十四五’重点研发计划项目“特大型多金属资源高通量分选关键技术与装备”(编号:2022YFC2904602)资助。

摘　　要：针对扇形孔采场爆破边帮控制问题,提出了一种将靠近边帮的扇形炮孔施工成垂直平行孔用以控制边帮的构想。首先,通过理论计算得到4组平行炮孔不耦合系数与炮孔间距匹配下的模型参数,使用LS-DYNA对4组参数进行数值模拟;然后,通过对比分析4组模型在无地应力作用和不同方向地应力作用时的爆破裂纹扩展情况,获得最优参数;最后基于优化参数开展工业试验。结果表明:高地应力会促进最大应力方向爆破裂纹扩展;4种模型中,不耦合系数为1.65,炮孔间距为1.1 m时开挖区域破岩效果最为合理;在试验采场开展工业试验,使用优化后的爆破参数进行爆破,采场回采后边帮平整,稳定性较好,验证了研究结论的正确性。At present,most of the fan-shaped hole stope blasting is difficult to achieve direct control of the sidewalls,and fan-shaped holes due to the special characteristics of its own structure can not be avoided to cause a certain amount of over-excavation or under-excavation.Aiming at the problem of controlling the sidewalls of the blasting of fan-shaped holes in the stope,a concept of constructing the fan-shaped holes close to the sidewalls into vertical parallel holes for controlling the sidewalls was proposed.Sidewall controlled blasting technology generally utilizes air-uncoupled charge structures to achieve.The model parameters of four groups of parallel boreholes under the uncoupling coefficient and spacing matching were obtained by theoretical calculation.The numerical simulation was carried out by LS-DYNA,and the blasting crack propagation of the four groups of models without in-situ stress and in different directions of in-situ stress was compared.The stress conditions of the three schemes are different.In scheme 1,four models are numerically simulated under the condition of no ground stress.In scheme 2,when the direction of the maximum horizontal stress is the same as that of the stope layout,30 MPa is loaded in the X direction and 60 MPa in the Y direction.In scheme 3,when the direction of maximum horizontal stress is perpendicular to the direction of stope layout,60 MPa is loaded in X direction and 30 MPa is loaded in Y direction.After analyzing the blasting crack propagation and blasting effect,it is found that high geostress promotes the propagation of blasting cracks in the direction of the maximum stress.When the stope is arranged parallel to the direction of maximum horizontal stress,the propagation of blasting cracks in the rock between the lines of the blast holes is promoted,which is beneficial to the breaking of rock.The propagation of blasting cracks in the rock between the blast hole and the surrounding rock will be restricted,which is beneficial to the protection of the sidewalls.When the stope

关 键 词：边帮控制爆破 高地应力 理论计算 数值模拟 扇形孔 爆破裂纹扩展 

分 类 号：TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设]