流域跨界污染的形成机理与治理框架  

The Formation Mechanism and Governance Framework of Cross-Boundary Pollution in River Basins

作　　者：姚鹏 赵海峰 高乐敏 YAO Peng;ZHAO Haifeng;GAO Lemin(School of Economics,Qufu Normal University,Rizhao 276826,China)

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学经济学院,山东日照276826

出　　处：《开发研究》2024年第3期110-119,共10页Research On Development

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“水资源刚性约束驱动黄河流域产业转型升级的机理、路径与对策研究”(23BJL117);山东省“泰山学者”工程(tsqn202312180)。

摘　　要：河流作为人类赖以生存的基础,其水质安全直接关系到经济社会的可持续发展。然而,水环境污染问题长期以来一直是我国面临的一大挑战。在中央政府与地方政府、上游地方政府与下游地方政府、地方政府与污染企业的博弈过程中,水环境污染逐渐演变成更为复杂的流域跨界污染。在深入打好污染防治攻坚战,建设“人水和谐”美丽河湖的关键阶段,如何系统治理流域跨界污染是新时代治水工作必须要解决和回应的重要问题。研究发现,现阶段治理政策不匹配、治理体系不完善、治理效应不持续制约了我国流域治理水平的进一步提升。在厘清上述机理和困境的基础上,我国流域水环境治理亟须探索和建立打破传统行政壁垒,健全从中央到地方,从上游到下游的协同治理体系,形成以河湖长制联席会议制度、垂直管理新体制、企业清洁生产、横向生态补偿机制、监管督察为基础的治理框架,实现流域跨界污染的系统性、整体性、综合性、现代化、多元化治理,推动流域水环境质量全面提升。As the foundation for human survival,the safety of rivers water quality is directly related to the sustainable development of the economy and society.However,water pollution has long been a major challenge facing China.In the game process between the central government and local governments,between upstream and downstream local governments,and between local governments and polluting enterprises,water environmental pollution gradually evolves into more complex cross-boundary pollution in river basins.During the critical stage of further promoting the battle to prevent and control pollution and constructing a“harmonious coexistence of humans and water”with beautiful rivers and lakes,how to systematically control cross-boundary pollution in the basin is an important issue that must be addressed and responded to in the new era of water control.The results showed that the mismatch of water control policies,imperfect water control systems,and unsustainable water control effects at the current stage have hindered the further improvement of China’s watersheds governance level.Based on clarifying the above mechanisms and difficulties,it is urgent for China to break through traditional administrative barriers and explore the establishment of a collaborative governance system from the central to local administration,and from upstream to downstream,to form a governance framework based on the joint meeting system of river and lake chiefs,a new vertical management system,clean production in enterprises,horizontal ecological compensation mechanism,and regulatory supervision.This will achieve systematic,holistic,comprehensive,modernized,and diversified governance of cross-boundary pollution in river basins,and promote the comprehensive improvement of water environment quality in river basins.

关 键 词：流域跨界污染 环境规制 负外部性 污染转移 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]