不同有机肥配施对雪茄烟生长与产质量的影响  

Effects of Applying Different Organic Fertilizers on the Growth,Yield and Quality of Cigar

作　　者：吴豪 孔光辉[2] 张光海 赵高坤[2] 吴玉萍[2] 李薇[2] 李永平[2] 姚恒[2] 白羽祥 李青 WU Hao;KONG Guanghui;ZHANG Guanghai;ZHAO Gaokun;WU Yuping;LI Wei;LI Yongping;YAO Heng;BAI Yuxiang;LI Qing(College of Tobacco Science,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming,Yunnan 650201;Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Science,Kunming,Yunnan 650031;Ning’er Branch of Pu’er Company,Yunnan Tobacco Company,Ning’er,Yunnan 665199,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学烟草学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南省烟草农业科学研究院,云南昆明650031 [3]云南省烟草公司普洱市公司宁洱县分公司,云南宁洱665199

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2024年第6期47-53,共7页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划项目“雪茄烟主要养分需求规律及施肥调控研究”(2022530000241004)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明不同有机肥配施对雪茄烟生长和产质量的影响,为合理施用有机肥和制定优质雪茄烟的化学成分行业标准提供参考。【方法】以雪茄烟品种云雪39为试验材料,研究常规施肥(CK)、常规施肥+豆粕200 g/株(A1)、常规施肥+棉籽粕200 g/株(A2)和常规施肥+芝麻饼200 g/株(A3)对雪茄烟农艺性状、叶片厚度、鲜叶产量和常规化学成分协调性的影响。【结果】不同有机肥处理对雪茄烟生长发育的影响存在差异。株高为86.67~136.22 cm,常规施肥+豆粕200 g/株处理较CK显著降低26.06%,常规施肥+棉籽粕200 g/株和常规施肥+芝麻饼200 g/株处理较CK显著提高16.21%和9.01%;茎围为6.83~7.42 cm,常规施肥+豆粕200 g/株处理较CK显著降低5.66%,其余处理间差异不显著;叶长为47.19~53.49 cm,常规施肥+豆粕200 g/株和常规施肥+棉籽粕200 g/株处理分别较CK显著降低11.78%和6.15%,常规施肥+芝麻饼200 g/株处理与CK无显著差异;各处理的叶宽和有效叶片数差异均不显著。不同处理烟株上部叶的叶片厚度差异均不显著;常规施肥+芝麻饼200 g/株处理烟株的中部叶和下部叶厚度分别较CK显著降低9.0%和8.7%,其余处理间显著不差异,且中部叶和下部叶的叶片厚度均为常规施肥+豆粕200 g/株>CK>常规施肥+棉籽粕200 g/株>常规施肥+芝麻饼200 g/株。鲜叶产量为1120.28~13572.10 kg/hm^(2),依次为常规施肥+棉籽粕200 g/株>常规施肥+芝麻饼200 g/株>CK>常规施肥+豆粕200 g/株。雪茄烟的农艺性状和烟叶常规化学成分协调性综合得分为常规施肥+芝麻饼200 g/株(2.80分,82.48分)>常规施肥+棉籽粕200 g/株(1.23分,81.63分)>CK(-0.75分,81.11分)>常规施肥+豆粕200 g/株(-2.42分,77.74分)。【结论】常规施肥+芝麻饼200 g/株和常规施肥+棉籽粕200 g/株有利于促进雪茄烟的生长发育,提高鲜叶产量,改善烟叶常规化学成分协调性,可在烤烟生产中推广应用。【Objective】The effects of applying different organic fertilizers on the growth,yield and quality of cigars were studied to provide a reference for the rational application of organic fertilizers and setting the industry standards of the chemical composition of high-quality cigars.【Method】Using Yunxue 39 as the experimental material,the effects of conventional fertilization(CK),conventional fertilization+200 g/plant soybean meal(A1),conventional fertilization+200 g/plant cottonseed meal(A2)and conventional fertilization+200 g/plant sesame cake(A3)on the agronomic traits,leaf thickness,fresh leaf yield and coordination of conventional chemical components of cigar tobacco were studied.【Result】Different organic fertilizer treatments had different influence on the growth and development of cigar tobacco.The plant height was 86.67-136.22 cm.The conventional fertilization+200 g/plant soybean meal treatment was significantly lower than CK with 26.06%.The conventional fertilization+200 g/plant cottonseed meal and conventional fertilization+200 g/plant sesame cake fertilizer treatment were significantly higher than CK with 16.21%and 9.01%,respectively.The stem circumference was 6.83-7.42 cm.The conventional fertilization+200 g/plant soybean meal treatment was significantly lower than CK by 5.66%,and there was no significant difference between other treatments.The leaf length ranged from 47.19 cm to 53.49 cm.Compared with CK,conventional fertilization+200 g/plant soybean meal and conventional fertilization+200 g/plant cottonseed meal treatments significantly decreased by 11.78%and 6.15%,respectively.There was no significant difference between conventional fertilization+200 g/plant sesame cake treatment and CK.There was no significant difference in leaf width and effective leaf number among treatments.There was no significant difference in leaf thickness of upper leaves of tobacco plants under different treatments.The thickness of the middle and lower leaves of the tobacco plant treated with conventional fertiliz

关 键 词：雪茄 有机肥 豆粕 棉籽粕 芝麻饼 生长发育 产质量 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]