WTO争端解决机制改革的现状与未来——部长级会议决定解读  

State of Play and the Future of the WTO Dispute Settlement Reform:Understanding Ministerial Conference Decisions

作　　者：杨国华[1] YANG Guohua

机构地区：[1]清华大学,北京100084

出　　处：《国际商务研究》2024年第4期49-60,共12页International Business Research

摘　　要：从2022年开始,WTO争端解决机制改革谈判陆续展开,并且在第十三届部长级会议前取得了一定成果,形成了谈判文本。谈判是在美国主导下进行的,谈判文本的核心是回应美国关注。然而,美国仍然不同意恢复上诉机构,以至于谈判文本中的上诉/审议部分出现空缺。由此可见,谈判是以争端解决其他方面改革换取美国对上诉机构的支持,但是这一目标没有实现。有鉴于此,加上成员意见分歧和美国大选在即,争端解决改革谈判的前景不容乐观,WTO成员应该考虑更多路径,包括使用上诉仲裁和新立上诉机构。The informal process on WTO dispute settlement reform started in early 2022 and a consolidated text was released before the 13th Ministerial Conference at the end of February 2024.The process was led and dominated by the United States and the outcome text was mostly to respond to its concerns,although the United States still does not support the resumption of the Appellate Body,leaving absent the text on Appellate/Review Mechanism.It becomes clear the process was conducted in other areas aiming at possible exchange of support from the United States on Appellate Body,which failed.With diversity of the opinions from Members and the upcoming U.S.presidential election,a successful negotiation becomes less possible in the next two years,so the Members need to rethink the path,including using appellate arbitration and recreating an Appellate Body.

关 键 词：WTO争端解决改革 第十三届部长级会议 上诉机构 美国 

分 类 号：D996.1[政治法律—经济法学]