影响我国男子1500 m速滑直道速度的关键技术特征  

The Key Technical Characteristics Affecting the 1500-m Straight Performance of Chinese Male Speed Skaters

作　　者：张马森 崔婧 邵中平[3] 刘卉 ZHANG Masen;CUI Jing;SHAO Zhongping;LIU Hui(Department of Physical Education,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China;Xi’an Mingde Institute of Technology,Xi’an 710124,China;Heilongjiang Provincial Institute of Sports Science,Harbin 150008,China;China Institute of Sport and Health Science,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学体育部,西安710072 [2]西安明德理工学院,西安710124 [3]黑龙江省体育科学研究所,哈尔滨150008 [4]北京体育大学中国运动与健康研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《医用生物力学》2024年第3期497-503,共7页Journal of Medical Biomechanics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥”重点专项(2018YFF0300404);国家自然科学基金项目(12132009);中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(D5000240026)。

摘　　要：目的 针对我国男子速滑运动员1 500 m直道技术进行生物力学分析,确定动作技术对运动表现的影响。方法 以参加2021年全国速度滑冰锦标赛1 500 m项目的34名男运动员为研究对象,采用三维定点录像解析的方法获取运动学数据,分析周期特征、动作阶段和关键时刻技术特征与周期速度的关系。结果 滑幅(r=0.560)、滑行距离(r=0.554)、蹬冰距离(r=0.512)与周期速度高度正相关。滑行阶段的躯干活动范围(r=0.651)、踝关节角(r=0.434)、踝关节活动范围(r=0.446)与滑行速度中度或高度正相关,躯干角(r=-0.427)与滑行速度中度负相关;蹬冰阶段的躯干角(r=0.673)、髋关节伸展角(r=0.804)、髋关节外展角(r=0.560)、髋关节外展角速度(r=0.566)与蹬冰速度高度正相关,蹬冰角(r=-0.605)与蹬冰速度高度负相关。结论 1 500 m速滑直道速度主要取决于滑幅,滑行距离、蹬冰距离越大,速度越大。躯干角和踝关节角是影响运动员滑行速度的主要技术特征,适当增加躯干活动范围能有效提高滑行速度;躯干角、髋关节角和蹬冰角是影响运动员蹬冰速度的主要技术特征,积极伸髋蹬冰能有效提高蹬冰速度。Objective Biomechanical analyses of straight techniques for Chinese male skaters during the 1500-m race were conducted to determine the influence of motion techniques on sports performance.Methods Thirty-four male skaters participating in the 1500-m National Speed Skating Championship race were selected as research subjects.Kinematic characteristics were collected using three-dimensional fixed-point video analysis.The correlations between the periodic characteristics,motion phase characteristics,moment characteristics,and periodic velocity were analyzed.Results The period distance(r=0.560),gliding distance(r=0.554),and push-off distance(r=0.512)showed strong positive correlations with the periodic velocity.The trunk range of motion(ROM)(r=0.651),ankle angle(r=0.434),and ankle ROM(r=0.446)showed moderate or high positive correlations with the gliding velocity.The trunk angle(r=-0.427)showed a moderate negative correlation with the gliding velocity.Additionally,the trunk angle(r=0.673),hip extension angle(r=0.804),abduction angle(r=0.560),and abduction angle speed(r=0.566)were highly positively correlated with the push-off velocity.The push-off angle(r=-0.605)showed a high negative correlation with the push-off velocity.Conclusions The velocity of a straight line in 1500-m speed skating depends on the dancing distance.Greater gliding and push-off distances result in higher velocities.The trunk and ankle angles significantly influence the gliding velocity,and appropriately increasing the trunk ROM can effectively improve the gliding velocity.The trunk,hip,and push-off angles are key determinants affecting the push-off velocity,and actively extending the hip and pushing-off can effectively enhance the push-off velocity.

关 键 词：速度滑冰 直道技术 自动捕捉 动作分析 生物力学 

分 类 号：R318.01[医药卫生—生物医学工程]