CPTPP与DEPA框架下数字产品非歧视待遇规则及中国应因  

The Non-Discriminatory Treatment of digital products under theCPTPP and DEPA and China's Responses

作　　者：徐泉[1] 吴若惜 XU Quan;WU Ruo-xi(School of International Law,Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120,China)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学国际法学院,重庆市401120

出　　处：《中国流通经济》2024年第8期115-126,共12页China Business and Market

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“中国参与国际经贸规则改革中的‘主动—被动’模式法律问题研究”(21XFX003)。

摘　　要：数字产品非歧视待遇在CPTPP与DEPA中均有规定,是我国加入CPTPP与DEPA必须面对的规则。适用该规则要注意数字产品原产地、同类数字产品以及歧视性待遇的认定问题。鉴于目前国际社会尚未对数字产品的性质达成共识,可暂时参考WTO中货物或者服务关于以上问题的认定标准。在其适用问题上,有关国家的实践如征收数字服务税、限制网络接入与使用、限制国外数字产品购买可能会与该规则的规定相悖。数字产品非歧视待遇在自由贸易协定、数字贸易协定以及WTO电子商务谈判中均有涉及,以美国、日本等为首的发达国家对该规则持积极肯定态度,不仅在其签署的自贸协定中纳入该规则,同时也积极倡导将该规则纳入WTO电子商务中。与此同时不少发展中国家如智利、秘鲁等在其签订的自贸协定或者数字贸易协定中也纳入了该规则。但是在我国目前签订的自贸协定中均没有涉及该规则,而且我国在WTO电子商务的提案中对该规则也持谨慎态度,主要原因在于我国数字产品与美国、日本、韩国等发达国家的数字产品相比竞争力较弱,接受该规则可能会进一步削弱我国数字产品的竞争力。我国积极申请加入CPTPP与DEPA,必须接受该规则对我国带来的机遇与挑战。该规则对我国的挑战主要表现为美式数字产品定义冲击我国数字贸易、负面清单模式扩大数字产品非歧视待遇适用范围、我国现行数字产品监管规定与其相冲突。为保护我国数字产品的发展,可通过援引政府补贴例外发展数字产品、利用负面清单限缩数字产品非歧视待遇适用范围、修改数字文化产品监管规定予以应对。The non-discriminatory treatment of digital products is regulated in both the CPTPP and DEPA,which is a rule that China must face upon joining these agreements.Adhering to this rule requires attention to the origin of digital products,similar digital products,and the determination of discriminatory treatment.Given that there is no consensus in the international community regarding the nature of digital products,we can temporarily refer to the criteria of refining goods or services in WTO on the aforementioned issues.In terms of its applicability,the practices of relevant countries such as imposing digital service taxes,restricting internet access and usage,and limiting purchases of foreign digital products may contradict the rule.The nondiscriminatory treatment of digital products is stipulated in free trade agreements,digital trade agreements,and WTO Ecommerce negotiations.Developed countries like the United States and Japan have shown positive attitudes towards this rule,not only stipulating it in their signed free trade agreements but also advocating for its inclusion in WTO E-commerce.Meanwhile,many developing countries like Chile and Peru have also stipulated this rule in their signed free trade agreements or digital trade agreements.However,none of the free trade agreements signed by China stipulate this rule,and China also maintains a cautious attitude towards this rule in its proposals for WTO e-commerce.The main reason is that,compared to developed countries such as the United States,Japan,and South Korea,China's digital products have weaker competitiveness,and accepting this rule may further weaken the competitiveness of China's digital products.As China actively applies to join the CPTPP and DEPA,it must accept the opportunities and challenges that this rule brings to China.The challenges posed by this rule to China mainly manifest in the following ways:the definition of American digital products impacts China's digital trade adversely;the expansion of the“negative list”broadens the scope of non-di

关 键 词：数字产品 非歧视待遇 例外规定 负面清单 

分 类 号：F740.4[经济管理—国际贸易]