生成式人工智能刑事责任主体资格之否定——以传统刑法理论为分析框架  

Negation of Liability Subject Qualification of Generative Artificial Intelligence Based on Traditional Criminal Law Theory

作　　者：王亚旗 WANG Yaqi(School of Criminal Justice,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学刑事司法学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《湖南人文科技学院学报》2024年第3期15-20,36,共7页Journal of Hunan University of Humanities,Science and Technology

摘　　要：当前生成式人工智能已具有造成严重法益侵害结果的能力,学术界对人工智能是否具备刑事责任主体资格存在争论,即肯定论、否定论以及终结论。本文以传统刑法理论为分析框架展开探讨:在构成要件层面,生成式人工智能的动作缺乏有意性,不能判定为刑法意义上的行为;在责任层面,生成式人工智能不具有自由意志,缺乏承担刑事责任的基础,不具备刑事责任能力,不具有违法性认识的可能性,因而对其不具有非难可能性;在刑罚层面,生成式人工智能不具有感知刑罚痛苦的能力,对其科处刑罚不符合刑罚目的;生成式人工智能与单位不具有可类比性,无法通过法律拟制使其成为独立的刑事责任主体,应对其刑事责任主体资格予以否定。Generative artificial intelligence has the ability to cause serious infringement of legal interests.In view of the subject qualification of criminal responsibility of artificial intelligence,there are arguments about the positive conclusion,the negative con-clusion and the final conclusion.Under the framework of traditional criminal law theory,the qualification of generative artificial in-telligence as subject of criminal responsibility should be denied for the following reasons.At the level of constituent elements,the actions of generative artificial intelligence lack intentionality and cannot be evaluated as behavior in the sense of criminal law.At the level of responsibility,generative artificial intelligence does not have free will,lacks the basis for assuming criminal responsibility,does not have the ability to bear criminal responsibility,and has no possibility of recognizing illegality,so there is no possibility of censure against it.At the level of penalty,generative artificial intelligence does not have the ability to perceive the pain of punish-ment,and imposing punishment on it does not meet the purpose of punishment.The generative artificial intelligence is not compara-ble to the unit,and it cannot be made an independent subject of criminal responsibility through legal fiction.

关 键 词：人工智能 刑事责任主体 刑事责任能力 自由意志 刑罚目的 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]