废旧锂离子电池放电方案的试验分析  

An Experimental Study of Spent Lithium-ion Battery Discharge

作　　者：林彩凤 刘翔宇 王越 王振鹏 程前 LIN Caifeng;LIU Xiangyu;WANG Yue;WANG Zhenpeng;CHENG Qian(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Xiamen University of Technology,Xiamen 361024,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门理工学院环境科学与工程学院,福建厦门361024

出　　处：《厦门理工学院学报》2024年第3期88-95,共8页Journal of Xiamen University of Technology

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金项目“废旧三元锂电池正极材料短程再生和过程减排关键技术研究”(2021J011179)。

摘　　要：以废旧手机锂离子电池为研究对象,分析不同放电方案下废旧锂离子电池的放电效果,并对最佳放电溶液中Li、Co等金属离子的含量以及滤渣成分进行表征。研究表明,当NaCl质量浓度为10%时,放电1 h放电率约54%;石墨掩埋和铜粉掩埋2.7 h最高放电率分别为35.96%和12.34%,且存在电压反弹现象,石墨粉和NaCl溶液混合可增强放电效果。最佳放电方案为,在120 r·min^(-1)搅拌的条件下,将废旧锂离子电池浸泡在10%NaCl溶液与40 g·L^(-1)80目石墨粉的混合溶液中,放电80 min,放电率为81.87%。过滤放电溶液并用ICP-OES分析滤液,结果表明,滤液含Li、Co离子,且Li、Co离子质量浓度随放电时间的延长而增加,放电80 min后,Li、Co的离子质量浓度分别为0.128、0.01 g·L^(-1),之后变化缓慢;用FT-IR表征烘干后的滤渣,其主要成分为石墨,未检测到有机物杂质;Li、Co离子质量浓度以及石墨粉成分的变化为放电溶液的重复利用并从中回收有价金属提供参考。Spent mobile phone lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)were taken as research objects to analyze discharge effect of various discharge schemes.Then content of metal ions such as Li and Co in the optimal discharge solution and the composition of filter residue were characterized.Results revealed that the discharge rate of spent LIBs was about 54%for 1 h with a 10%NaCl solution.The highest discharge rates of spent LIBs buried in graphite and copper powder for 2.7 h were only 35.96% and 12.34%respectively and a voltage rebound was exhibited.The discharge efficiency of a mixed solution containing graphite powder and NaCl was superior to that of a single discharge medium.The optimal discharge method involved immersing the spent LIBs in the mixed solution of 10%NaCl solution with 40 g·L^(-1) of 80-mesh graphite powder,and stirring at a rate of 120 r·min^(-1).This led to a remarkable final discharge rate of 81.87%after 80 min of discharge.Finally,the discharge solution was filtered,and the filtrate was analyzed by ICP-OES.The results indicated that the filtrate contained both Li and Co ions with their concentrations increasing gradually over time,which were 0.128 and 0.01 g·L^(-1) at 80 min respectively,and thereafter,the changes became much slower.The primary composition of the filter residue,which was dried and characterized by FT-IR,was consistent with that of graphite.The study of effects of Li and Co ion content and the composition of graphite powder provides a reference for the reuse of discharge solution and the recovery of valuable metals from it.

关 键 词：废旧锂离子电池 放电方案 放电率 化学放电法 物理放电法 石墨粉和NaCl溶液混合介质 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]