长期施用有机肥对西北半干旱区小麦田土壤团聚体分布及其有机碳的影响  

Effects of long-term organic manure application on the distribution and organic carbon content of soil aggregates in wheat field of northwest semi-arid region

作　　者：张平良[1,2] 刘晓伟 曾骏[1,2] 郭天文 ZHANG Ping-liang;LIU Xiao-wei;ZENG Jun;GUO Tian-wen(Dry Land Agriculture Institute,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730070;Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Water in Dry Farming of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northwestern China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/The Joint Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs-Gansu Province for Crop Drought Resistance,Yield Increment and Rainwater Efficient Utilization on Rain-fed Area,Lanzhou Gansu 730070;Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730070)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室/农业农村部西北旱地农业绿色低碳重点实验室/部省共建农业农村部旱地作物抗逆增产及雨水高效利用重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃省农业科学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第4期1-8,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1900403);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD020040311);甘肃省农业科学院重点研发项目(2023GAAS12)。

摘　　要：以国家土壤质量安定观测实验站黄绵土区长期定位试验为研究平台,研究长期施肥对半干旱区小麦田土壤团聚体分布及其有机碳含量的影响。结果表明:0~20 cm土层土壤团聚体含量随粒级减小总体呈先降低后增加的变化趋势,团聚体有机碳含量随粒级减小呈增加的变化趋势。长期化肥与有机肥配施(NPKM)和单施有机肥(OM)较单施化肥(NPK)处理显著增加了>0.25 mm团聚体含量和团聚体平均质量直径,提高了>1 mm粒级土壤团聚体对有机碳的贡献率。各粒级土壤团聚体有机碳含量及团聚体有机碳储量均随着土层的加深而降低,>1 mm粒级团聚体有机碳对长期施用有机肥的农田有机碳变化响应敏感。NPKM和OM较NPK处理显著增加了0~20 cm土层土壤团聚体有机碳含量及其储量,其中0~10 cm土层团聚体有机碳储量分别增加了34.1%和25.2%,10~20 cm土层分别增加了26.89%和17.95%,而长期NPK处理对团聚体有机碳含量及其储量影响不明显。综上所述,在西北黄土丘陵半干旱区黄绵土条件下,长期施用有机肥(NPKM和OM处理)可显著提高耕层>0.25 mm团聚体含量及其稳定性,增加团聚体有机碳储量,土壤增碳培肥效果显著,而单施化肥对改善农田土壤团聚体结构及其固碳培肥效果不明显,需加强与有机肥配施从而实现土壤培肥。The long-term positioning test of loessal soil area in National Soil Quality and Stability Observation Station in Anding District of Gansu Province was taken as the research object,the effects of long-term fertilization on soil aggregate distribution and organic carbon content in wheat field in semi-arid region were studied.The results showed that the proportion of soil aggregates showed the trend of decreasing first and then increasing,and organic carbon content of soil aggregates showed the trend of increasing with decreasing of aggregates particle size in the soil depth of 0 ~ 20 cm.Compared with mineral fertilizers(NPK)treatment,long-term mineral fertilizers combined with organic fertilizer(NPKM)and organic fertilizer(OM)all increased significantly content of aggregates over 0.25 mm and the mean weight diameters of soil aggregates,and improved significantly contribution rate of large aggregates(>1 mm)on organic carbon.The organic carbon contents of soil aggregates and soil organic carbon storage of aggregate were decreased with soil depth,and soil organic carbon in the aggregate sizes over 1 mm was sensitive to the change of soil organic carbon under long-term application of organic fertilizer.Compared with NPK,NPKM and OM treatments increased significantly organic carbon contents and reserves of soil aggregates in the soil depth of 0 ~ 20 cm,and organic carbon storage of aggregates were increased by 34.1% and 25.2% in the soil depth of 0 ~ 10 cm,and by 26.89% and 17.95% in the soil depth of 10 ~ 20 cm,respectively.However,longterm application of NPK fertilizer had no obvious effect on the contents and reserves of organic carbon of soil aggregates.In conclusion,under the condition of loessal soil of the semi-arid Loess Hilly Region of Northwest China,long-term application of organic fertilizer(NPKM and OM)could increase significantly content of aggregates over 0.25 mm and its stability,and increase organic carbon stock of soil aggregates,and the effect of increasing carbon and fertilizing soil were remarkable

关 键 词：施肥 土壤团聚体 有机碳 有机碳储量 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学] S512.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]