不同土壤改良措施对大棚菜地高度盐渍化土壤改良效果研究  

Effects of different soil improvement measures on highly salinized soil in greenhouse vegetable filed

作　　者：程明琨 闵炬[2] 巨昇容 潘云枫 赵冬青 杨东平 施卫明 CHENG Ming-kun;MIN Ju;JU Sheng-rong;PAN Yun-feng;ZHAO Dong-qing;YANG Dong-ping;SHI Wei-ming(International Research Center for Membrane Biology and Environment,Foshan University,Foshan Guangdong 528000;Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Nanjing Jiangsu 210008;Yixing Soil and Fertilizer Station,Yixing Jiangsu 214206)

机构地区：[1]佛山科学技术学院国际膜生物学与环境研究中心,广东佛山528000 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008 [3]宜兴市土肥站,江苏宜兴214206

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第4期9-16,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFD1700604);企业合作项目(BC20210004Z)。

摘　　要：设施菜地土壤次生盐渍化现象普遍,严重制约了设施蔬菜的可持续发展。以高度和超高度大棚次生盐渍化土壤为对象,研究不同土壤改良措施对大棚青菜产量、氮肥利用率及土壤性状的影响。在两种盐渍化程度的大棚土壤上分别开展田间试验,设置相同的6个处理:不施氮肥(0%N)、常规施氮(100%N)、施石灰氮+常规施氮(Lime+100%N)、施石灰氮+减氮20%(Lime+80%N)、施石灰氮+填闲玉米+常规施氮(Lime+corn+100%N)和施石灰氮+填闲玉米+减氮20%(Lime+corn+80%N)。结果表明:与100%N处理相比,Lime+corn+80%N处理的青菜产量在高度、超高度次生盐渍化土壤上分别增产91.8%(11.3 t/hm^(2))和62.2%(5.6 t/hm^(2)),显著提高了氮肥利用率。在高度盐渍化土壤上,与100%N处理相比,施石灰氮可使土壤电导率降低16.0%~19.7%(P<0.05),对土壤pH无显著影响;与施石灰氮处理(Lime+100%N和Lime+80%N)相比,土壤电导率在Lime+corn+100%N和Lime+corn+80%N处理下分别降低了49.4%和55.2%(P<0.05),土壤pH升高3.4%和12.6%。在超高度盐渍化土壤上,与100%N处理相比,施石灰氮处理对土壤电导率无显著影响,可使土壤p H升高14.1%~16.0%(P<0.05);与施石灰氮处理相比,土壤电导率在Lime+corn+100%N和Lime+corn+80%N处理下分别降低了43.7%和49.2%(P<0.05)。不同土壤改良措施在高度盐渍化土壤上显著提高了土壤孔隙度,降低了土壤有效磷和速效钾含量,而在超高度盐渍化土壤上影响不显著。The phenomenon of secondary salinization of soil in greenhouse vegetable fields is common,which seriously restricts the sustainable development of greenhouse vegetables.The effects of different soil improvement measures on the yield,nitrogen use efficiency and soil properties of Chinese cabbage were studied with highly and ultra-high salinized greenhouse soils.Six treatments were conducted in the field trial:no nitrogen fertilizer(0%N),traditional nitrogen rate(100%N),lime nitrogen application + traditional nitrogen rate(Lime + 100%N),lime nitrogen application + 20%N reduction(Lime + 80%N),lime nitrogen application + catch corn + traditional nitrogen rate(Lime + corn + 100%N)and lime nitrogen application + catch corn + 20%N reduction(Lime + corn + 80%N).Compared with 100%N treatment,the yield of Chinese cabbage treated with lime+corn+80%N were increased by 91.8%(11.3 t/hm^(2))and 62.2%(5.6 t/hm^(2))on highly and ultra-high secondary saline soils,respectively,which significantly improved the nitrogen use efficiency.In highly saline soils,the application of lime nitrogen reduced soil EC by 16.0%-19.7%(P<0.05)compared to 100%N treatment,and had no significant effect on soil pH.Compared with lime nitrogen treatment(Lime+100%N and Lime+80%N),the soil EC were decreased by 49.4% and 55.2%(P<0.05)under Lime+corn+100%N and Lime+corn+80%N treatment,and the soil pH were increased by 3.4% and 12.6%,respectively.In ultra-high secondary saline soils,the application of lime nitrogen treatment had no significant effect on soil EC compared to 100%N treatment,which increased soil pH by 14.1% to 16.0%(P<0.05),compared to lime nitrogen application treatment,soil EC were decreased by 43.7% and 43.7%(P<0.05)under Lime+corn+100%N and Lime+corn+80%N treatments.Different soil improvement measures significantly increased soil porosity and reduced soil available phosphorus and available potassium contents on highly salinized soils,but had no significant effect on ultra-highly salinized soils.

关 键 词：设施蔬菜 次生盐渍化 土壤酸化 土壤PH 产量 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学] S626[农业科学—农业基础科学]