有机替代比例对奉节脐橙产量、品质及环境代价的影响  

Effect of organic substitution ratio on yield,quality and environmental cost of Fengjie navel orange

作　　者：李栋 邓丹丹[3] 张丽君 周鹏 赵敬坤[4] 王昱桁 王洁 石孝均 张跃强[1,5,6] LI Dong;DENG Dan-dan;ZHANG Li-jun;ZHOU Peng;ZHAO Jing-kun;WANG Yu-jiao;WANG Jie;SHI Xiao-jun;ZHANG Yue-qiang(School of Resources and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715;Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture in Yangtze River Economic Belt,Southwest University,Chongqing 400716;Agricultural Technology Service Center,Fengjie County,Chongqing 404699;Chongqing General Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Chongqing 401122;Southwest Mountain Ecological Agriculture National Training Base,Southwest University,Chongqing 400716;National Purple Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Efficiency Monitoring Station,Chongqing 400716)

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400715 [2]西南大学长江经济带农业绿色发展研究中心,重庆400716 [3]重庆市奉节县农业技术服务中心,重庆404699 [4]重庆市农业技术推广总站,重庆401122 [5]西南大学西南山地生态农业国培基地,重庆400716 [6]国家紫色土肥力与肥料效益监测站,重庆400716

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第4期53-63,共11页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32172676);重庆市自然科学基金(CSTB 2022NSCQ-MSX1094);重庆市农业技术推广总站化肥定额施用配套技术集成示范重点项目。

摘　　要：通过主成分分析和综合得分来评判不同比例有机肥替代化肥对柑橘产量和品质的影响,同时探究有机肥替代在减少柑橘生产周期碳排放方面的潜力,为其科学减肥、合理增施有机肥和柑橘增产增效提供理论依据。于2018—2019年在奉节柑橘主产区进行了为期两年的田间试验,设置农户常规施肥(FP)、优化施肥(OPT)、优化施肥+有机替代氮肥20%(OPT+N20)、优化施肥+有机替代氮肥30%(OPT+N30)、优化施肥+有机替代氮肥50%(OPT+N50)5个处理,比较不同处理之间对脐橙果实产量、品质及橘园土壤肥力和环境代价的影响。结果表明,(1)与FP相比,优化施肥和有机无机配施处理能够提高脐橙产量和改善果实品质,2018年各处理间在产量上没有显著差异,2019年OPT较FP产量显著提高22.3%,OPT+N20、OPT+N30、OPT+N50产量较FP分别增产27.3%、28.3%、34.1%,同时有机无机配施较FP能够显著降低果实可滴定酸含量,提高果实可食率、可溶性固形物含量和固酸比,还可以改善果皮亮度和色泽。(2)有机无机配施较FP可明显提高土壤pH,增加土壤有效养分,维持土壤养分平衡。(3)优化施肥和有机无机配施较FP可显著降低温室气体排放强度和提高经济效益,有机无机配施处理碳足迹较FP分别提高44.20%、48.10%和59.23%,产投比分别提高63.64%、51.82%和39.70%。(4)通过对脐橙产量、果实品质等因素综合分析,各处理得分从大到小排序为OPT+N30>OPT+N50>OPT+N20>OPT>FP,即各有机无机配施的肥效响应优于FP处理,其中优化施肥配合有机肥替代氮肥30%时对果实品质提升效果最优,化肥投入的减少和有机肥的施用能够显著减少脐橙在生产生命周期中碳排放的同时提高经济效益。因此,在优化施肥的基础上配施有机肥可以提高脐橙产量、品质,减少果园碳排放。Principal component analysis and composite scores were used to judge the effects of different proportions of organic fertilizer substitution for chemical fertilizer on citrus yield and quality,and to explore the potential of organic fertilizer substitution in reducing carbon emissions in the citrus production cycle,so as to provide a theoretical basis for its scientific fertilizer reduction,reasonable increase in organic fertilizer application and citrus yield and efficiency.In this study,a two-year field trial of 2018—2019 was carried out in the main citrus production area of Fengjie county,Chongqing.Five treatments were conducted:farmers' conventional fertilization(FP),optimized fertilizer application(OPT),optimized fertilizer application + organic alternative nitrogen fertilizer 20%(OPT+N20),optimized fertilizer application + organic alternative nitrogen fertilizer 30%(OPT+N30),optimized fertilizer application + organic alternative nitrogen fertilizer 50%(OPT+N50).The results showed that,(1)Compared with FP,optimized fertilization and organic-inorganic application treatments increased the yield of navel orange and improved fruit quality.There was no significant difference in yield among treatments in 2018.In 2019,the yield of OPT,OPT + N20,OPT + N30 and OPT + N50 were 22.3%,27.3%,28.3% and 34.1% higher than that of FP,respectively.At the same time,the organic-inorganic application significantly reduced the titratable acid,improved the fruit edibility,soluble solids and solid-acid ratio,and also improved the brightness and color of fruit skin compared with FP.(2)Compared with FP,the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers significantly increased soil pH and soil available nutrients,and maintained soil nutrient balance.(3)Optimized fertilization and organic-inorganic application significantly reduced greenhouse gas emission intensity and improved economic efficiency compared with FP,and the carbon footprint of organic-inorganic treatment increased by 44.20%,48.10% and 59.23%,and the yield-to-

关 键 词：有机替代 产量 品质 碳排放 碳足迹 

分 类 号：S666.4[农业科学—果树学]