长期不同施肥运筹对玉米产量、氮素转运和土壤氮积累的影响  

Effects of long-term different fertilization on maize yield,nitrogen transport and soil nitrogen accumulation

作　　者：刘婷娜 苏永中 安芳娇 牛子儒 LIU Ting-na;SU Yong-zhong;AN Fang-jiao;NIU Zi-ru(Northwest Institute of Ecological and Environmental Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730000;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;School of Civil Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou Gansu 730050;Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group,Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering,Ministry of Natural Resources,Xiʹan Shaanxi 710000)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]兰州理工大学土木工程学院,甘肃兰州730050 [4]陕西省土地工程建设集团自然资源部退化及未利用土地整治工程重点实验室,陕西西安710000

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第4期108-118,共11页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：甘肃省青年科技基金计划(21JR7RA060)。

摘　　要：利用河西走廊中部临泽绿洲2005年开始的长期定位肥料试验,研究新垦绿洲砂质土壤长期不同施肥运筹对玉米产量、氮素转运和利用以及土壤氮积累的影响,为区域砂质农田玉米生产合理施肥运筹提供技术方案。试验共设9个处理:单施高量有机肥(M3:有机肥2.4 t·hm^(-2))、高量氮磷化肥(NP3:N 300 kg·hm^(-2),P_(2)O_(5)225kg·hm^(-2)),低量氮磷化肥配施高量有机肥(NP1M3:N 150 kg·hm^(-2),P_(2)O_(5)90 kg·hm^(-2),有机肥2.4 t·hm^(-2))、低量氮磷钾化肥(NPK1:N 150 kg·hm^(-2),P_(2)O_(5)90 kg·hm^(-2),K_(2)O 90 kg·hm^(-2))、中量氮磷钾化肥(NPK2:N 225 kg·hm^(-2),P_(2)O_(5)135 kg·hm^(-2),K_(2)O 135 kg·hm^(-2))、高量氮磷钾化肥(NPK3:N 300 kg·hm^(-2),P_(2)O_(5)225 kg·hm^(-2),K_(2)O 225 kg·hm^(-2),为区域农户施肥水平)、低量氮磷钾化肥配施高量有机肥(NPK1M3:N 150 kg·hm^(-2),P_(2)O_(5)90 kg·hm^(-2),K_(2)O 90kg·hm^(-2),有机肥2.4 t·hm^(-2))、中量氮磷钾化肥配施中量有机肥(NPK2M2:N 225 kg·hm^(-2),P_(2)O_(5)135 kg·hm^(-2),K_(2)O135 kg·hm^(-2),有机肥1.8 t·hm^(-2))、高量氮磷钾化肥配施低量有机肥(NPK3M1:N 300 kg·hm^(-2),P_(2)O_(5)225 kg·hm^(-2),K_(2)O 225 kg·hm^(-2),有机肥1.2 t·hm^(-2)),玉米-玉米-大豆轮作。2021年取样分析长期不同施肥处理下玉米产量及氮素吸收、转运和利用特征。研究结果如下:(1)连续17年不同施肥处理,NP3、NPK3和NP1M3处理比较,玉米产量无显著差异,表明开垦利用年限较短的砂质农田,钾素并不是主要限制因素,有机肥施用可以提供作物需要的钾素营养;高量氮磷化肥和氮磷钾化肥配施有机肥玉米产量显著高于中低量化肥和单施有机肥;长期单施有机肥处理(M3)与单施化肥的4个处理(NP3、NPK1、NPK2、NPK3)比较,玉米产量与秸秆生物量已无显著差异,M3处理的产量甚至超过NPK1和NPK2处理;NPK1M3、NPK2M2和NPK3M1处理的玉米产量和秸秆生物量最高,三者之间差异很小。(2)�This research aimed to study the effects of different long-term fertilizer treatments on maize yield,nitrogen transport and utilization,and soil nitrogen accumulation in sandy soils of new reclamation oasis using a fertilizer positioning trial arranged in 2005 in Linze oasis in the central part of the Hexi Corridor,and to provide technical solutions for reasonable fertilizer applications for maize production in regional sandy farmlands.Nine treatments were applied:high organic fertilizer(M3:2.4 t·hm^(-2) organic fortilizer),high NP fertilizer(NP3:N 300 kg·hm^(-2) and P_(2)O_(5) 225 kg·hm^(-2)),low NP fertilizer with high organic fertilizer(NP1M3:N 150 kg·hm^(-2),P_(2)O_(5) 90 kg·hm^(-2) and 2.4 t·hm^(-2) organic fertilizer),low NPK fertilizer(NPK1:N 150 kg·hm^(-2),P_(2)O_(5) 90 kg·hm^(-2) and K_(2)O 90 kg·hm^(-2)),medium NPK fertilizer(NPK2:N 225 kg·hm^(-2),P_(2)O_(5) 135 kg·hm^(-2) and K_(2)O 135 kg·hm^(-2)),high NPK fertilizer(NPK3:N 300 kg·hm^(-2),P_(2)O_(5) 225kg·hm^(-2) and K_(2)O 225 kg·hm^(-2),for regional farmers' fertilizer application level),low NPK fertilizer with high organic fertilizer(NPK1M3:N 150 kg·hm^(-2),P_(2)O_(5) 90 kg·hm^(-2),K_(2)O 90 kg·hm^(-2) and 2.4 t·hm^(-2) organic fortilizer),medium NPK fertilizer with medium organic fertilizer(NPK2M2:N 225 kg·hm^(-2),P_(2)O_(5) 135 kg·hm^(-2),K_(2)O 135 kg·hm^(-2) and 1.8 t·hm^(-2) organic fertilizer)and high NPK fertilizer with low organic fertilizer(NPK3M1:N300 kg·hm^(-2),P_(2)O_(5) 225kg·hm^(-2),K_(2)O 225 kg·hm^(-2) and 1.2 t·hm^(-2) organic fertilizer).The maize-maize-soybean rotation was adopted.The maize was sampled in 2021,and the characteristics of maize yield and nitrogen transport and utilization under different fertilizer treatments over a long period of time were analyzed.Results were as follows:(1)There were no significant differences in maize yield when comparing NP3,NPK3 and NP1M3 treatment for 17 consecutive years,indicating that potassium was not a major limiting factor in reclaiming sandy farmland with a

关 键 词：长期定位肥料试验 施肥运筹 玉米产量 氮素积累和转运 土壤氮积累 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]