氮、磷、钾配施对葛根生长及品质的影响  

Effect of combined application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on the growth and quality of Pueraria montana(Gegen)

作　　者：彭斯文[1] 戴翠婷 谢进[1] 徐瑞[1] 彭正明 龙世平[1] PENG Si-wen;DAI Cui-ting;XIE Jin;XU Rui;PENG Zheng-ming;LONG Shi-ping(Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha Hunan 410125;Wulingyuan District Hehe Township Economic Development Comprehensive Service Center,Zhangjiajie Hunan 427499)

机构地区：[1]湖南省农业科学院,湖南长沙410125 [2]武陵源区协合乡经济发展综合服务中心,湖南张家界427499

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第4期153-158,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-21)。

摘　　要：为探明氮、磷、钾肥配施对葛根生长及品质的影响,为葛根高效栽培提供合理的施肥技术支撑和理论依据,采用L_(9)(3~4)正交试验设计,研究氮、磷、钾配施对葛根产量和主要功能成分的影响,明确研究区葛根氮、磷、钾的最佳施用量。结果表明,不同施肥方案对葛根产量和功能成分的影响显著,其中以N_(3)P_(1)K_(2)(N 270kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)45 kg/hm^(2),K_(2)O 90 kg/hm^(2))处理的产量和总黄酮含量最高,分别为2.13 kg/株和83.10 mg/g;N_(1)P_(3)K_(2)(N 90 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)135 kg/hm^(2),K_(2)O 90 kg/hm^(2))的葛根素含量最高,为24.85 mg/g,N_(1)P_(2)K_(3)(N 90 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)90 kg/hm^(2),K_(2)O 135 kg/hm^(2))处理的大豆苷和大豆苷元含量均为最高,分别为22.96和2.55 mg/g。氮、磷、钾肥配施对葛根产量和葛根素含量影响的大小顺序为氮肥>钾肥>磷肥。以葛根产量为目标的最佳施肥量为N 270 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)135 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 90 kg/hm^(2),以葛根品质提升为目标的最佳施肥量为N 180 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)135 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 90 kg/hm^(2)。To explore the effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application on the growth and quality of Pueraria montana(Gegen),and to provide technical support and theoretical basis for efficient cultivation of Gegen,L_9(3~4) orthogonal design was used to study the effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium application on the yield and major functional components of Gegen,and to determine the optimal application rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.The results showed that different fertilization schemes had significant effects on the yield and functional components of Gegen.The highest yield and total flavonoid content were obtained with the N~2_3P_1K_2(N 270 kg/hm,P_(2)O_(5) 45 kg/hm^(2),K_(2)O 90 kg/hm^(2)) treatment,which were 2.13 kg/plant and 83.10 mg/g,respectively.The Gegen glycoside content was the highest with the N~2_1P_3K_2(N 90 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5) 135 kg/hm,K_(2)O 90 kg/hm^(2))treatment at 24.85 mg/g,and the highest daidzein and genistein contents were obtained with the N_1P_(2)K_3(N 90 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5) 90 kg/hm^(2),K_(2)O 135 kg/hm^(2)) treatment at 22.96and 2.55 mg/g,respectively.The magnitude of the effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers application on Gegen yield and isoflavone content was in the order of nitrogen fertilizer>potassium fertilizer>phosphorus fertilizer.The optimal fertilization rates for Gegen yield were N 270 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5) 135 kg/hm^(2) and K_(2)O 90 kg/hm^(2),while those for the quality of Gegen were N 180 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5) 135 kg/hm^(2) and K_(2)O 90 kg/hm^(2).

关 键 词：葛根 氮磷钾配施 产量 功能成分 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]