新型大颗粒复合型肥特性及对艳红桃产量的影响  

Characteristics of the new type of large particle compound fertilizer and its effects on Yanhong peaches yield

作　　者：李天娇 李杰[2] 卢宗云[2] 丁学忠 刘智强 刘璐 赵彦勇 LI Tian-jiao;LI Jie;LU Zong-yun*;DING Xue-zhong;LIU Zhi-qiang;LIU Lu;ZHAO Yan-yong(Shenyang Zhongke New Fertilizer Co.Ltd.,Shenyang Liaoning 110000;Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang Liaoning 110000;Dandong Kuandian Changdian Agricultural Center,Dandong Liaoning 118000;Dalian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Dalian Liaoning 116000;Huai’an Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Huai’an Jiangsu 223000)

机构地区：[1]沈阳中科新型肥料有限公司,辽宁沈阳110000 [2]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,辽宁沈阳110000 [3]丹东宽甸县长甸农业中心,辽宁丹东118000 [4]大连市农业科学院,辽宁大连116000 [5]江苏淮安市农业科学院,江苏淮安223000

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第4期159-164,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：辽宁绿海农业大樱桃种植产学研联盟项目(1618214601077)。

摘　　要：为了评估新型大颗粒复合型肥在果树轻简化施肥中的应用效果,以大颗粒复合型肥为研究材料,通过土柱淋溶试验的方法,探究不同形态肥料在土壤中的养分释放效果,同时对比常规肥料,探究使用不同数量的新型大颗粒复合型肥对丹东艳红桃产量的影响,从减少肥料损失、环境可持续发展的角度明确最佳形态肥料施用量,为果树轻简化施肥提供科学依据。试验结果表明,淋溶试验中,不同形态肥料对氮磷钾的淋洗损失量具有显著的影响,新型大颗粒复合型肥(T1)处理有效磷的淋洗浓度为常规肥表施肥(T4)处理的25倍、常规肥(T3)处理的0.3倍、复合型肥粉末状(T2)处理的0.87倍,T1处理的有效磷浓度在一定程度上得到了提升;截止到T1处理淋洗浓度最高时,该处理无机氮的淋洗总量低于T2处理27.3%、T3处理16.5%;速效钾的淋洗量低于T2处理30.6%、T4处理18.2%、T3处理16.1%,T1处理能够显著降低氮磷钾元素的淋洗损失。对丹东艳红桃轻简化施肥的试验结果显示:与常规肥料相比,施用新型大颗粒复合型肥的丹东艳红桃平均增产11.6%,比普通复合肥实物用量平均减少了66%。轻简化施肥处理生产力显著高于常规施肥处理。新型大颗粒复合型肥的使用减缓了养分淋失,显著提高了作物的产量,为现代果树生产提供了一种科学、高效的肥料解决方案。In order to evaluate the application effect of a new type of large particle compound fertilizer in simplified fertilization of fruit trees,the large particle compound fertilizer was used as the research material,and the nutrient release effects of different types of fertilizers in the soil were explored through soil column leaching tests in Dandong,Liaoning province.Meanwhile,the effects of different application amounts of the new type of large particle compound fertilizer on the yield of Yanhong peaches were compared,and the optimal amount of fertilizer application was clarified from the perspective of reducing fertilizer loss and promoting sustainable development of the environment,providing a scientific basis for the simplified fertilization of fruit trees.The results of the experiment showed that different types of fertilizers had a significant impact on the leaching loss of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium in the leaching test.The leaching concentration of available phosphorus in the treatment with the new type of large particle compound fertilizer(T1)was 25 times that of the conventional surface-applied fertilizer treatment(T4),0.3 times that of the conventional fertilizer treatment(T3),and 0.87 times that of the powder treatment(T2).The available phosphorus concentration of T1 treatment was improved to a certain extent.When the leaching concentration of T1 was the highest,the total leaching amount of inorganic nitrogen in this treatment was lower than that of T2 treatment by 27.3% and the T3 treatment by 16.5%.The leaching amount of available potassium was lower than that of the T2,T4 and T3 treatments by 30.6%,18.2% and 16.1%,respectively.The T1 treatment could significantly reduce the leaching loss of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium.The experimental results of simplified fertilization of Yanhong peaches in Dandong showed that compared with the conventional fertilizers,the application of the new type of large particle compound fertilizer increased the average yield of peach by 11.6%,and the actual amou

关 键 词：新型大颗粒复合型肥 肥料形态 淋溶 果树 轻简化施肥 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学] S143[农业科学—园艺学]