打顶方式对‘云晒1号’晒黄烟等级结构及产质量的影响  

Effects of Topping Methods on Grade Structure,Yield and Quality of‘Yunshai-1’Yellow Sun-cured Tobacco

作　　者：甄安忠 唐旭兵 赵斌 段开伟 雷加忠 方保 李光西 扶艳艳 鲁耀[2] ZHEN Anzhong;TANG Xubing;ZHAO Bin;DUAN Kaiwei;LEI Jiazhong;FANG Bao;LI Guangxi;FU Yanyan;LU Yao(Yunnan Oriental Tobacco Co.,Ltd.,Dehong,Yunnan 533103;Institute of Agricultural Resource&Environment,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205)

机构地区：[1]云南香料烟有限责任公司,云南德宏533103 [2]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,昆明650205

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第19期1-6,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：中国烟草公司云南省公司2022年重大科技计划项目“云南特色晒烟关键生产技术研究及应用”(2022530000241032)。

摘　　要：为满足卷烟工业在烤烟型卷烟中对晒黄烟原料的应用需求,明确云南省德宏州晒黄烟最佳打顶方式和打顶时间,以‘云晒1号’晒黄烟为材料,研究4种打顶方式(T_(1)处理为抠心打顶,T_(2)处理为现蕾期打顶,T_(3)处理为初花期打顶,T4处理为盛花期打顶)对晒黄烟农艺性状、经济性状、等级结构和内在化学品质的影响。结果表明,烟叶经济性状及等级结构以T_(1)处理综合表现最好,其次是T_(3)处理;上、中部烟叶化学成分含量多数指标达到了优质烟叶要求,均能满足工业需求,以T_(2)、T_(3)处理综合表现较好;从关键指标烟碱含量来看,上部烟叶均超过了2%,其中T_(2)表现最好,超过了2.5%,T_(3)接近2.5%,中部烟叶烟碱含量均超过了2.4%,T_(2)、T_(3)处理接近于3%。综上,云南德宏州晒黄烟最佳打顶方式为初花期打顶(即中心花开发10%时封顶,当烟田有10%的烟株第1朵中心花开时进行打顶),其次是现蕾期打顶[即烟田大部分烟株现蕾,主茎伸出幼叶,花蕾与幼叶明显分开后,将花蕾、花梗连同其下2~3张小叶(花序)一并打掉];打顶最佳时间为3月中下旬(即移栽后110d左右)。In order to meet the application demand of cigarette industry for yellow sun-cured tobacco materials in flue-cured cigarettes,the best topping method and topping time of yellow sun-cured tobacco in Dehong of Yunnan Province was clarified,and the effects of four topping methods(T_(1)pinching the top,T_(2)topping at bud stage,T_(3)topping at early flowering stage,T4 topping at flowering period)on the agronomic,economic,grade structure and intrinsic chemical quality of‘Yunshai 1’yellow sun-cured tobacco were studied.The results showed that the comprehensive performance of T_(1)treatment was the best,followed by T_(3)treatment.And the chemical components content of upper and middle tobacco could meet the requirements of high-quality tobacco leaves and the needs of cigarette industry.The chemical quality comprehensive performance of T_(2)and T_(3)treatment were better.The nicotine content of upper leaves was over 2%in four treatments,in which T_(2)treatment was the best,over 2.5%,and T_(3)treatment was nearly 2.5%.The nicotine content of middle leaves was more than 2.4%,and that of T_(2)and T_(3)treatments were close to 3%.So it is suggested that the best method for yellow sun-cured tobacco in Dehong is to top at early flowering stage,followed by topping at bud stage.The best time for topping is in mid-to-late March,or about 110 days after transplanting.

关 键 词：晒黄烟 ‘云晒1号’ 打顶方式 等级结构 烟叶品质 

分 类 号：S33[农业科学—作物遗传育种] S35[农业科学—农艺学] S36