干旱胁迫对6个品种大果沙枣幼苗生理特性的影响  

Effects of Drought Stress on Physiological Characteristics of Seedlings of Six Kinds of Elaeagnus moorcroftii

作　　者：王丹[1,2,3] 罗青红 张萍[1] 卢鹏浩[1,2,3] 王宝庆 WANG Dan;LUO Qinghong;ZHANG Ping;LU Penghao;WANG Baoqing(College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052;Institute of Afforestation and Sand Control,Xinjiang Academy of Forestry,Urumqi 830063;Akesu National Observation and Research Station of Chinese Forest Ecosystem,Akesu,Xinjiang 843100)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学林学与风景园林学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆林业科学院造林治沙研究所,乌鲁木齐830063 [3]新疆阿克苏森林生态系统定位观测研究站,新疆阿克苏843100

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第19期52-58,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题“优良乡土固沙植物筛选与配置模式”(2023YFF130420301);2021年中央财政林草科技推广示范项目“大果沙枣良种繁育与栽培技术示范与推广”(新[2021]TG0号)。

摘　　要：对比分析不同品种大果沙枣应对干旱胁迫的生理响应对策,选育出抗旱性较强的品种,以期为大果沙枣优良品种在干旱区的推广种植提供科学依据。本研究以6个大果沙枣优良品种的1龄扦插苗为研究材料,通过土壤持续干旱后复水处理,采用单因素方差分析比较6个品种大果沙枣幼苗水分生理、叶绿素荧光特性差异,采用隶属函数进行综合评价。结果表明,随着干旱持续时间的延长,6个品种大果沙枣叶片相对含水量(RWC)、枝条水势(PW)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光能转化效率[Y(Ⅱ)]、光合电子传递速率(ETR)逐渐下降,复水后各项指标均逐渐回升;叶片水分饱和亏(RWD)与初始荧光(F0)随着干旱胁迫时间的延长逐渐增大,复水后减小。参试大果沙枣幼苗抗旱能力由强到弱表现为‘金莎’、‘巴楚1号’、‘雅丰’、‘策勒大黄’、‘白沙甜’、‘麦盖提3号’。在气温较高且大果沙枣幼苗生长旺盛的7—8月,各品种灌溉周期建议为‘麦盖提3号’与‘白沙甜’15d,‘巴楚1号’、‘雅丰’和‘策勒大黄’20d,‘金莎’25d。In this paper,the physiological responses of different varieties to drought stress were compared and analyzed,and the varieties with strong drought resistance were selected,providing scientific basis for the promotion and planting of fine varieties in arid areas.In this study,the one-year-old cuttings of 6 excellent varieties of Elaeagnus moorcroftii were taken as the research materials,through the soil rehydration treatment after continuous drought,the differences of water physiology and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of 6 excellent varieties of E.moorcroftii seedlings were compared by one-way ANOVA,and the membership function was comprehensively evaluated.The results showed that the relative water content of leaves(RWC),shoot water potential(PW),maximum photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm),actual light conversion efficiency[Y(Ⅱ)]and photosynthetic electron transfer rate(ETR)of 6 excellent varieties of E.moorcroftii decreased gradually with the extension of drought duration,and all indexes increased gradually after rehydration.Leaf water saturation deficit(RWD)and initial fluorescence(F0)increased gradually with the extension of drought stress time,and decreased after rehydration.The drought-resistant ability of the seedlings from strong to weak was‘Jinsha’>‘Bachu No.1’>‘Yafeng’>‘Cele Rhubarb’>‘Baisha Tian’>‘Maigeti No.3’.From July to August,when the temperature is high and the seedling growth is strong,the irrigation cycle of each variety is suggested to be‘Maigeti 3’and‘Baishatian’for 15 d,‘Bachu 1’,‘Yafeng’and‘Cele Rhubarb’for 20 d,and‘Jinsha’for 25 d.

关 键 词：大果沙枣 自然干旱 复水 叶片水分生理 叶绿素荧光 抗旱评价 

分 类 号：S722.5[农业科学—林木遗传育种]