水产养殖固体废弃物有机肥对土壤肥效和蔬菜品质的影响  

Effects of Organic Fertilizer from Aquaculture Solid Waste on Soil Fertility and Vegetable Quality

作　　者：丁兰 徐胜南 周聃 刘梅[2] 李万祈 邹松保 DING Lan;XU Shengnan;ZHOU Dan;LIU Mei;LI Wanqi;ZOU Songbao(Aquaculture Management Section,Anji County Agricultural and Rural Bureau,Anji,Zhejiang 313300;Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetics and Breeding of Zhejiang Province/Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries,Huzhou,Zhejiang 313001)

机构地区：[1]安吉县农业农村局养殖业管理科,浙江安吉313300 [2]农业农村部淡水渔业健康养殖重点实验室/浙江省淡水水产遗传育种重点实验室/浙江省淡水水产研究所,浙江湖州313001

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第19期102-108,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：安吉县乡村振兴科技计划项目“鱼工厂尾水固液分离、生态处理与循环回用”(安科﹝2021﹞25);浙江省“三农九方”科技协作计划“浙江省淡水养殖池塘底泥污染现状调查及生态修复关键技术研发与应用”(2023SNJF075);浙江省重点研发“邻雁”项目“池塘多营养层级高效生态养殖模式构建关键技术研究与示范”(2022C02027)。

摘　　要：研究旨在探讨水产养殖固体废弃物作为有机肥料对土壤肥力和蔬菜品质的影响。通过田间小区试验,设置4个不同处理组,分别为不施肥+辣椒(CK1)、不施肥+番茄(CK2)、施鱼粪有机肥+辣椒(T_(1))、施鸡粪有机肥+辣椒(T_(2))、施鱼粪有机肥+番茄(T_(3))、施鸡粪有机肥+番茄(T_(4)),研究鱼粪有机肥施用对土壤肥力、辣椒和番茄生长及果实品质的影响。研究结果显示,与空白对照组相比,鱼粪有机肥可以显著增加土壤微生物数量,提高土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、有效磷、孔隙度等指标数值,从而增加土壤肥力,改善土壤物理结构,促进辣椒和番茄植株生长。同时鱼粪处理组蔬菜果实维生素C含量平均提高11.9%~24.0%、可溶性糖含量提高8.1%~16.7%,果实品质显著改善、营养价值提升。然而,与市售商品鸡粪有机肥相比,还需优化相关营养成分比例配置,尤其是提高速效钾含量。To explore the effects of organic fertilizer derived from aquaculture solid waste on soil fertility and vegetable quality,two control and four treatment groups were established for the field experiment in this study,including control group CK1(no fertilizer+pepper),control group CK2(no fertilizer+tomato),treatment group T_(1)(fish manure organic fertilizer+pepper),treatment group T_(2)(chicken manure organic fertilizer+pepper),treatment group T_(3)(fish manure organic fertilizer+tomato),and treatment group T_(4)(chicken manure organic fertilizer+tomato).The effects of fish manure organic fertilizer on soil fertility,growth and the quality of pepper and tomato plants were investigated.The results showed that compared with the control group,fish manure organic fertilizer significantly improved the level of beneficial soil microorganisms.Fish manure organic fertilizer was also demonstrated to improve soil quality indicators such as total soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and soil porosity,which led to increase soil fertility,superior soil composition,and better growth of pepper and tomato plants.In addition,the vitamin C content of the vegetables in the fish manure treatment group increased by 11.9%-24.0%on average,and the soluble sugar content increased by 8.1%-16.7%,which represented significant improvement in the quality and nutritional value of the vegetables.However,commercially available chicken manure organic fertilizer still performed better than fish manure organic fertilizer in several metrics.Future research should aim to further improve the nutrient ratios in fish manure organic fertilizer,especially to increase the fast-acting potassium content.

关 键 词：养殖池塘 固体废弃物 水产养殖固体废弃物 有机肥 土壤肥效 土壤肥力 蔬菜品质 鱼粪、鸡粪、田间试验 

分 类 号：S15[农业科学—土壤学]