城市人居环境与人口迁移互动效应研究  

Interacting relationship between human settlement environment of urban and population migration

作　　者：王国霞[1,2] 白之钧 姬少伟 Wang Guoxia;Bai Zhijun;Ji Shaowei(School of Economics and Management,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,Shanxi,China;Carbon Neutrality Research Institute,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学经济与管理学院,山西太原030006 [2]山西大学碳中和研究中心,山西太原030006

出　　处：《地理科学》2024年第6期940-952,共13页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：山西省哲学社会科学规划课题(2021YJ035)资助。

摘　　要：本文借鉴人类发展指数的构建方法,基于移民福祉角度,从经济环境、公共服务、居住环境、制度环境和城市现代化5个方面重新评估城市人居环境质量,并利用2期人口迁移数据,对中国279个地级市的人居环境进行互动效应分析,探索城市人居环境与人口迁移之间的动态响应机制。研究发现:(1)样本考察期内,中国城市人居环境有一定改善,城市建设水平差距缩小,空间上呈现出“东高西低”特征,中心城市集聚效应明显,东部地区城市出现“俱乐部趋同”现象,中西部内陆地区陷入“低值陷阱”。(2)全国人口净迁移格局呈现出“中间低、周围高”的凹形空间特征,迁移人口主要分布在人口规模超过500万人的特大和超大城市,但迁移人口增长主要动力点是中小规模城市。(3)城市人居环境的改善对提高人口迁移流动具有积极效应,经济发展差异和社会融合水平是引发人口迁移规模空间差异的核心因素,生活舒适性逐渐成为驱动人口迁移的重要来源,在省级尺度上各驱动要素体现出空间异质性。(4)人口迁移规模尚不足以成为城市人居环境变化的稳定主导因素之一。据此提出以增进福祉为要义的城市人居环境建设应适配于新发展阶段人口特征变化以推进新型城镇化高质量发展。Using the construction method of Human Development Index for reference,this paper reassesses the quality of urban livability environment from 5 aspects of economic condition,public services,residential environment,institutions and urban modernization based on the perspective of migrants’well-being,and uses 2 periods of population migration data to analyze the interaction effect of human settlements in 279 prefecture-level city in China,and explore the dynamic impact mechanism between urban human settlements and popula-tion migration.Research has found that:1)During the sample inspection period,the human settlements envir-onment of Chinese cities has improved,to some extent,the gap in urban construction level has narrowed,and the space shows a“high in the east and low in the west”feature.The agglomeration effect of central cities is obvious,and cities in the eastern region have experienced a“club convergence”phenomenon,while inland areas in the central and western regions of China have fallen into the“low value trap”of the human livability environment.2)The net migration pattern of the national population shows a“concave”spatial feature of“low in the middle and high in the surrounding areas”.The migration population is mainly distributed in mega and mega cities with a population size of over 5 million,but the main driving force for the growth of the migration population is small and medium-sized cities.3)The improvement of urban human settlements environment has a positive effect on the increase of population migration.The difference in economic development and the level of social integration are the core factors that cause the spatial difference in the scale of population migration.Life comfort has gradually become an important source of driving population migration.At the provincial level,the driving factors reflect spatial heterogeneity.4)The impact of population migration scale is not yet enough to become one of the leading factors in stabilizing changes in the urban livability environmen

关 键 词：人居环境 人口迁移 互动效应 地理探测器 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]