关中盆地新石器时期水沟遗址人类活动与自然地理环境适宜性研究  

Human activities and suitability of natural geographical environment of Shuigou site in Guanzhong Basin in Neolithic period

作　　者：张俊辉[1,2] 周雄辉 辛怡华 王颢 吴博闻 刘鑫 关运玖 张健 王亚欣 张翀 刘滨[1] 康秀丽 Zhang Junhui;Zhou Xionghui;Xin Yihua;Wang Hao;Wu Bowen;Liu Xin;Guan Yunjiu;Zhang Jian;Wang Yaxin;Zhang Chong;Liu Bin;Kang Xiuli(School of Geographic and Environment Sciences,Baoji University of Arts and Sciences,Baoji 721013,Shaanxi,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Disasters Monitoring and Mechanism Simulation,Baoji 721013,Shaanxi,China;Baoji Archaeological Research Institute,Baoji 721006,Shaanxi,China;Institute of Silk Road Studies,Northwest University,Xi’an 710069,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]宝鸡文理学院地理与环境学院,陕西宝鸡721013 [2]陕西省灾害监测与机理模拟重点实验室,陕西宝鸡721013 [3]宝鸡市考古研究所,陕西宝鸡721006 [4]西北大学丝绸之路研究院,陕西西安710069

出　　处：《地理科学》2024年第6期1069-1079,共11页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基础研究计划重点项目(2024JC-ZDXM-21);国家自然科学基金项目(41871147)资助。

摘　　要：本研究通过对关中盆地西部新石器时期水沟遗址人类活动的灰坑、文化层、房址、陶窑和陶器等遗迹、遗物做了详细的梳理分析,理解区域古人类活动的特征,系统地开展水沟文化层剖面环境磁学和AMS14C年代学研究,恢复该区全新世以来气候变化和古人类活动历史,结果表明:水沟新石器时期古人类活动时间为全新世中期5 530~4 300 a B.P.的气候适宜期,其文化发展处在寒冷干燥向温暖湿润转换的过渡阶段。在GIS空间分析技术支持下提取影响水沟遗迹分布的海拔、坡度、坡向和距水源距离因子,构建指数模型,分析新石器时期水沟遗址古人类活动的自然地理环境适宜性分布规律,主要集中在海拔900~960 m,坡度小于6°,坡向朝南,距水源距离小于200 m的自然环境条件优越的区域,并进一步探讨了古人类活动对环境变化的响应与适应的过程和机制。The study was conducted to understand the characteristics of ancient human activities by doing a detailed combing and analysis of the remains and relics of human activities such as ash pits,cultural layers,house sites,pottery kilns and pottery from the Shuigou site in the western Guanzhong Basin.At the same time,through the environmental magnetism and AMS14C chronology analyses of the Shuigou culture layer profiles,we recovered the climate change and the history of paleo-human activities since the Holocene in this area.The results show that the Shuigou paleo-human activity time is the climatically suitable period of 5530—4300 a B.P.in the middle Holocene,and its cultural development is in the transitional stage of the transition from cold and dry to warm and humid.With the technical support of GIS spatial analysis,we extracted the factors affecting the distribution of relics in the Shuigou site,such as elevation,slope,slope direction and distance from water sources,and constructed an index model to study the distribution law of the natural geographic environment suitability of the Shuigou site in Neolithic period.Ancient human activities were mainly concentrated in areas with superior natural environmental conditions,with an altitude of 900~960 m,a slope of less than 6°,a south-facing slope,and a distance from water sources of less than 200 m.The distribution of the relics of the Shuigou site in Neolithic period was investigated by constructing an index model.Explore the process and mechanism of response and adaptation of ancient human activities to environmental changes.

关 键 词：关中盆地西部 新石器时期 水沟遗址 环境适宜性 人地关系 

分 类 号：K903[历史地理—人文地理学]