陇东旱地冬小麦区域试验品系农艺性状及抗逆性分析  

Analysis of agronomic traits and stress tolerance of tested winter wheat lines in regional test in Longdong dryland

作　　者：段珊 付之乐 王晶晶 孟海涛 施万喜[1,2,3,4] DUAN Shan;FU Zhi;WAN Jing-jing;MENG Hai-ao;HI Wan-xi(College of Agriculture and Forestry,Longdong University,Qingyang,Gansu 745000,China;Gansu Dryland Research Center of Winter Wheat Germplasm Innovation and Application Engineering,Qingyang,Gansu 745000,China;Gansu Collaborative Innovation of Academicians and Experts on Dryland Agriculture in the Loess Plateau,Qingyang,Gansu 745000,China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Longdong Dryland Crop Germplasm Improvement and Industrialization,Qingyang,Gansu 745000,China)

机构地区：[1]陇东学院农林科技学院,甘肃庆阳745000 [2]甘肃省旱地冬小麦种质创新与应用工程研究中心,甘肃庆阳745000 [3]甘肃省黄土高原旱作农业院士专家协同创新基地,甘肃庆阳745000 [4]陇东旱地作物种质改良及产业化协同创新中心,甘肃庆阳745000

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2024年第5期980-989,共10页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：甘肃省教育厅产业支撑计划项目(2023CYZC-67);陇东学院博士基金项目(XYBYZK2205)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析陇东片区区域试验小麦品系的农艺性状变异规律和抗逆性综合表现,为陇东旱地小麦品种改良提供依据。【方法】以2005—2022年陇东旱地区域试验共192份冬小麦品系(不含对照)为试验材料,通过相关性分析、多元回归分析、通径分析和聚类分析对参试品系的产量、生育期、基本苗、总茎数、有效穗数、株高、穗长、穗粒数和千粒重等主要农艺性状进行综合分析,同时,对参试品系的抗逆性(抗寒性、耐旱性、抗倒伏、条锈病、叶锈病、白粉病)进行评价。【结果】参试品系产量为2791.65~5979.29 kg/hm^(2),均产4635.75 kg/hm^(2)。农艺性状的变异系数排序为:产量(17.16%)>有效穗数(14.40%)>株高(11.37%)>穗粒数(9.65%)>千粒重(9.54%)>穗长(9.47%)>总茎数(8.55%)>基本苗(8.08%)>生育期(1.21%),产量、有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和株高均随参试年份的推进而缓慢提高,生育期则缓慢降低。相关分析结果表明,产量与穗粒数(r=0.645)、千粒重(r=0.594)和株高(r=0.475)呈显著正相关,有效穗数与穗粒数(r=0.729)呈极显著正相关。多元回归分析表明,穗长、穗粒数和千粒重决定了产量66%的变异。通径分析结果表明,千粒重对产量的直接作用(P=0.485)和综合作用(P=0.615)最大,穗粒数次之(P=0.471,P=0.543)。聚类分析将参试小麦品系分为5类,其中第一类群的品系产量高,千粒重较高,其余农艺性状较协调,占比7.29%,是选育优良品系(种)的理想材料。抗逆性分析表明,超过66%的参试品系具有较强的抗寒性、耐旱性和抗倒伏特性,同时,超过55%的参试品系对条锈病、叶锈病和白粉病表现为免疫或高抗。【结论】参试品系的产量整体水平低而不稳,产量与有效穗数受环境影响较大,穗粒数和千粒重是影响陇东旱地小麦产量的主要因素,可通过同时增加穗粒数和千粒重提高产量,而且高产广适型冬小麦品种应具备较强的�[Objective]The variation paterns of agronomic traits and comprehensive performance of stress resistance of wheat lines were ana-lyzed in regional test of Longdong,Gansu province in recent years,to provide reference for breed improvement in dryland wheat of Longdong region.[Method]192 winter wheat lines(without control)were used in the Longdong dryland wheat regional test in 20052022,and major agronomic traits,such as yield,growth period,basic seedling,total stem number,number of effective spike,plant height,spike length,grain number per spike,and thousand kernel weight were comprehensively analyzed by correlation analysis,multiple regression analysis,path analy-sis and cluster analysis,in addition,the tested lines were evaluated for stress tolerance(cold resistance,drought tolerance,lodging resistance stripe rust,leaf rust,powdery mildew).[Result]The results showed that the yield of tested lines was 2791.65-5979.29 kg/hm^(2),with an average of 4635.75 kg/hm^(2).The coefficient of variation of main agronomic traits was as follows:yield(17.16%)>number of effective spike(14.40%)>plant height(11.37%)>grain number per spike(9.65%)>thousand kernel weight(9.54%)>spike length(9.47%)>total stem number(8.55%)≥basic seedling(8.08%)>growth period(1.21%);Yield,number of effective spike,grain number per spike,thousand kernel weight and plant height increased slowly with the advance of the year,while the growth period decreased slowly.The results of correlation analysis indicated that yield was significantly and positively correlated with the grain number per spike(r=0.645),thousand kernel weight(r=0.594)and plant height(r=0.475),and a highly significant positive correlation was found between number of effective spike and grain number per spike(r=0.729).Multiple regression analysis revealed that spike length,grain number per spike and thousand kernel weight determined 66%of the variance in yield.The results of the pathway analysis demonstrated that the direct(P=0.485)and comprehensive contribution(P=0.615)of thousand kernel w

关 键 词：陇东 区域试验 旱地小麦 农艺性状 抗逆性 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]