云南省长果桑果实品质分析与综合评价  

Analysis and comprehensive evaluation of fruit quality of Morus macroura in Yunnan province

作　　者：杨加虎 丁志伟[1] 李莎 李振南 吴丹丹 李镇刚[1] YANG Jia-hu;DING Zhi-wei;LI Sha;LI Zhen-nan;WU Dan-dan;LI Zhen-gang(Sericultural and Apicultural Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Mengzi,Yunnan 661101,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院蚕桑蜜蜂研究所,云南蒙自661101

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2024年第5期990-1000,共11页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：云南省技术创新人才培养对象项目(202205AD160017);重大科技专项计划(202102AE090010);向仲怀院士工作站(202305AF150166);云南省农业科学院蚕蜂所2022年度青年创新基金项目(QC2022007)。

摘　　要：【目的】筛选综合品质较高的长果桑种质资源,以满足多元化开发的食品需求。【方法】以云南省桑树种质资源圃收集保存的23份长果桑和3份其他果桑品种为材料,对果实营养成分、活性成分和抗氧化活性等18个指标进行测定,并采用相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析对其指标进行综合性评价。【结果】26个长果桑果实的单果重为1.15~8.38 g,硬度为1.17~2.08 kg/m^(2),含水率为63.23%~79.00%,出汁率为45.28%~77.97%,pH为2.22~4.05,可溶性固形物为17.07%~35.50%,氨基酸含量为6.29~27.93 mg/g, Vc含量为0.02~1.72 mg/g,总糖含量为114.60~352.93 mg/g,还原糖含量为25.30~205.24 mg/g,总黄酮含量为10.16~73.42 mg/g,生物碱含量为0.04~2.46 mg/g,总酚含量为0.61~2.68 mg/g,花色苷含量为0.01~1.02 mg/g, r-氨基丁酸(GABA)方法含量为88.43~938.27μg/g,总抗氧化能力、ABTS清除能力和DPPH自由基清除能力分别为11.63~93.66、11.32~7.53和9.61~65.09 mg/g水溶性Vc当量的抗氧化活力。经主成分分析将18个性状综合成6个主成分因子,累积贡献率达83.49%,能较好地反应果实品质的基础信息。【结论】PCA结果显示,云桑2号、红粉佳人、果3、红香橙、黑金椹、姹紫嫣红、红颜知己和紫金椹等资源果实品质最佳,适宜作为云南省深度开发的优良果桑资源;单果重、Vc、花色苷、SSC、氨基酸、总糖可作为长果桑果实品质评价的核心指标。[Objective]The paper aimed to screen the germplasm resources of Morus macroura with high comprehensive quality and meet the demand of diversified development for food.[Method]23 Morus macroura and 3 other mulberry varieties were collected and preserved in the provincial mulberry germplasm resource nursery garden of Yunnan province to determine 18 indicators such as fruit nutrition,active ingredi-ents and antioxidant activity,and these indicators were comprehensively evaluated by correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis.[Result]The 26 M.macroura germplasm resources had a single fruit mass of 1.15-8.38 g,hardness of 1.17-2.08 kg/m^(2),moisture content of 63.23%-79.00%,juice yield of 45.28%-77.97%,pH of 2.22-4.05,soluble solids of 17.07%-35.50%,a-mino acid content of 6.29-27.93 mg/g,Vc content of 0.02-1.72 mg/g,total sugar content of 114.60-352.93 mg/g,reducing sugar content of 25.30-205.24 mg/g,total flavonoids content of10.16-73.42 mg/g,total alkaloid content of0.042.46 mg/g,total phenolic content of 0.61-2.68 mg/g,total anthocyanin content of 0.01-1.02 mg/g,total GABA content of 88.43-938.27μg/g,total antioxidant capacity,ABTS scavenging capacity,and DPPH free radical scavenging capacity were 11.63-93.66,11.32-7.53,and 9.61-65.09 mg/g water-soluble Vc equivalent,respectively.After principal component analysis,the 18 traits were combined into 6 principal component fac-tors,with a cumulative contribution of 83.49%,which could better reflect the basic information of fruit quality.[Conclusion]The PCA results show that Yunsang 2,Hongfenjaren,Guo 3,Hongxiangcheng,Heijinshen,Chaziyanhong,Hongyanzhiji and Zijinshen with the best fruit quali-ty are suitable for deep development in Yunnan province as an excellent fruit mulberry resource;Single fruit weight,Ve,anthocyanins,SSC,a-mino acids,and total sugar are the core indicators for evaluating the quality of M.macroura fruits.

关 键 词：长果桑 果实品质 主成分分析 聚类分析 综合评价 云南 

分 类 号：S888[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]