羊肚菌轮作及其菌渣还田对烤烟根际土壤环境及产量与品质的影响  

Effects of rotating combined with spent mushroom substrate returning of Morchella esculenta(L.)Pers.on rhizosphere soil environment,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco

作　　者：周彪 杨树明[2] 李顺 杨宗云 张素华[4] 张留臣[5] 徐兴阳[3] 杨丽琼[3] 陈安强[2] ZHOU Biao;YANG Shu-ming;LI Shun;YANG Zong-yun;ZHANG Su-hua;ZHANG Liu-chen;XU Xing-yang;YANG Li-qiong;CHEN An-qiang(Kunming University,Kunming 650214,China;Agricultural Resources&Environment Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,China;Kunming Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company,Kunming 650051,China;Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,China;Yunnan Tobacco Company of China Tobacco,Kunming 650011,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明学院,昆明650214 [2]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,昆明650205 [3]云南省烟草公司昆明市公司,昆明650051 [4]云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所,昆明650205 [5]中国烟草总公司云南省公司,昆明650011

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2024年第5期1010-1018,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41977319);云南省烟草公司昆明市公司科技计划项目(KMYC202205);云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2022Y702)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明羊肚菌轮作及其菌渣还田对植烟土壤改良及烤烟产质量调控的效应,合理优化烤烟种植制度。【方法】以烤烟品种云烟87为材料,采用双因素裂区设计,研究烤烟种植模式(A1,烤烟—羊肚菌—烤烟;A2,烤烟—冬闲—烤烟)和羊肚菌菌渣施用方式(B1,不施;B2,机械旋耕施;B3,塘施)对烤烟根际土壤理化特性、微生物、烟株生长及产量、烤烟化学成分的影响。【结果】种植模式及羊肚菌菌渣施用方式均可调控植烟土壤理化特性及烟叶化学成分,其中以种植模式及羊肚菌菌渣施用方式互作效应最大,单施菌渣方式次之。A1B2、A1B3、A2B2、A2B3组合可有效改善土壤容重、孔隙度和大粒径团聚体含量,调节土壤阳离子交换量(CEC)、pH及土壤养分,其中以A1B2作用最明显,其土壤有机质、水解性氮、有效磷、速效钾含量较A1B1分别显著提高22.71%、5.07%、20.94%、32.55%。与A1B1和A2B1相比,A1B2、A1B3、A2B2、A2B3组合能显著提高土壤真菌、细菌、放线菌数量1.13~2.93倍,微生物量碳、氮含量及其碳氮比分别增加42.19%~77.46%、25.68%~59.97%、3.55%~28.99%;同时能显著提高烟叶叶面积、上等烟比例、产量和产值,其中以A1B2产值增幅最大,较A1B1、A2B1产值分别显著提高15.05%、29.12%。各因子对烟叶化学成分可用性指数调控效应:A×B互作>菌渣施用>种植模式。其中,与A1B1、A2B1相比,A1B2、A1B3、A2B2、A2B3显著降低烟叶总糖、总氮含量,提高钾含量;施用菌渣使烟叶总氮、烟碱含量下降,钾含量增加;种植模式主要影响烟叶总氮和钾含量。【结论】采用烤烟—羊肚菌—烤烟种植模式,在烟田旋耕施入羊肚菌菌渣,有利于改善土壤通透性及团聚体结构,提升土壤肥力,增加土壤微生物群落丰度,促进烟叶生长,提高烟叶产量、产值,烟叶化学成分更协调。[Objective]The study aimed to investigate effects of rotating combined with spent mushroom substrate returning of Morchella escu-lenta(L.)Pers.on improving soil environment,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco,and further rationally optimize planting system.[Method]Using the flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 87 as material,field experiments were carried out with two kinds of planting patterns including flue-cured tobacco-M.esculenta-flue-cured tobacco rotation(A1),flue-cured tobacco-winter leisure-flue-cured tobacco rotation(A2).In every rotation pattern,three application methods of M.esculenta spent mushroom substrate(AMMR)were used,including no AM-MR(B1),mechanical rotary tillage(B2),pond(B3).Rhizosphere soil physical and chemical properties,microorganisms,plant growth,yield and chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco under the above various condition were compared.[Result]Soil physicochemical properties and leaf chemical composition could be controlled by planting pattern and AMMR.Of which,the interaction effect between the planting pattern and AMMR was the largest,followed by the single application of AMMR.Among them,the combination of A1B2,A1B3,A2B2 and A2B3 could effectively improve soil bulk density,porosity and large particle size aggregate content,and regulate soil CEC,pH and nutrients,additionally,A1B2 showed the most obvious effect.Compared with A1B1,the contents of soil organic matter,available N,P and K of A1B2 significantly increased by 22.71%,5.07%,20.94%and32.55%,respectively.Moreover,comparing to A1B1 and A2B1,the combination of A1B2,A1B3,A2B2 and A2B3 significantly increased number of soil fungi,bacteria and actinomyces by 1.13-2.93 times.The contents of carbon,nitrogen,and ratio of carbon and nitrogen of microbial biomass increased by 42.19%-77.46%,25.68%-59.97%and 3.55%-28.99%,respectively.It could significantly improve leaf area,proportion of high-grade tobacco,yield and output value.Among them,the out-put value of A1B2 had the largest increase,significantly increasing by 15.05%and 29.1

关 键 词：羊肚菌 轮作 菌渣 土壤微生物 产量 化学成分 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]