钙镁磷土壤调理剂配施生物菌剂对设施红壤酸化消减效果研究  

Effect of soil conditioner containing calcium,magnesium and phosphorus combined with biological agents on reducing acidification of protected red soil

作　　者：耿川雄 马心灵 杨景华[2] 武建林 周敏[2] 陈安强[2] 郭永杰[3] 周金华 孔垂思[2] 郑毅[1,4] GENG Chuan-xiong;MA Xin-ling;YANG Jing-hua;WU Jan-lin;ZHOU Min;CHEN An-qiang;GUO Yong-jie;ZHOU Jin-hua;KONG Chui-si;ZHENG Yi(College of Plant Protection,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650201,China;Yunnan Phosphate Chemical Group Co.,Ltd./National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Development and Utilization of Phosphorus Resources,Kunming 650600,China;Yunnan Open University,Kunming 650101,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学植物保护学院,昆明650201 [2]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,昆明650201 [3]云南磷化集团有限公司/国家磷资源开发利用工程技术研究中心,昆明650600 [4]云南开放大学,昆明650101

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2024年第5期1056-1062,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项(202202AE090015);云南省科技成果转化项目(2022530103000544);云南省农科院环资所所长基金项目(2021HZS001)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过田间小区试验,探究钙镁磷土壤调理剂对设施红壤酸化消减效果及作物生长的影响。【方法】以意大利生菜为材料,在设施红壤上进行田间小区试验,设置5个处理:对照(当地常规施肥)、处理T1(当地常规施肥+钙镁磷土壤调理剂1500 kg/hm^(2))、处理T2(当地常规施肥+钙镁磷土壤调理剂3000 kg/hm^(2))、处理T3(当地常规施肥+钙镁磷土壤调理剂6000 kg/hm^(2))、处理MT3(当地常规施肥+钙镁磷土壤调理剂6000 kg/hm^(2)+生物菌剂),每个处理重复3次。测定收获期生菜的农艺性状和品质指标以及土壤pH、有机质等理化性质和土壤细菌群落多样性。【结果】处理T3显著提高土壤有机质、全磷、有效磷和交换性钙含量,尤以对全磷含量提高最为显著,增幅22.56%;与CK相比,处理T3 pH、盐基饱和度和生菜Vc含量分别显著提高0.7个单位、257.14%和14.40%,交换性酸、交换性铝和有效锰含量分别显著降低600.00%、75.00%和37.27%;与处理T3相比,处理MT3水解性氮含量、阳离子交换量和生菜株高分别显著提高44.56%、4.01%和11.29%;影响设施生菜地主要细菌群落(门水平)的关键环境因子分别为有机质(29.8%)、pH(24.9%)和速效钾(16.3%)。【结论】施用6000 kg/hm^(2)钙镁磷土壤调理剂,可提高设施红壤pH,降低土壤交换性酸和交换性铝含量,消减土壤酸化,提高土壤肥力,改善细菌群落结构,其配施微生物菌剂可提高生菜株高和Vc含量。[Objective]The present paper aimed to explore the effects of soil conditioners containing calcium,magnesium and phosphorus on acidification reduction and crop growth in protected red soil through field experiments.[Method]Using Italian lettuce as material,field plot experiment was carried out on protected red soil,and 5 treatments were set up:Control(local conventional fertilization),treatment TI(local conventional fertilization+calcium,magnesium and phosphorus soil conditioner 1500 kg/hm^(2)),treatment T2(local conventional fertilization+calcium,magnesium and phosphorus soil conditioner 3000 kg/hm^(2)),treatment T3(local conventional fertilization+calcium,magnesium and phosphorus soil conditioner 6000 kg/hm?),treatment MT3(local conventional fertilization+calcium,magnesium and phosphorus soil conditioner 6000 kg/hm?+biological bacteria agent).Each treatment was repeated 3 times.The agronomic traits and quality indexes of let-tuce,soil pH,soil organic matter and soil bacterial community diversity were determined.[Result]T3 treatment significantly increased the contents of soil organic matter,total phosphorus,available phosphorus and exchangeable calcium,especially total phosphorus(22.56%).Compared with CK,the pH,base saturation and Vc content of lettuce in T3 significantly increased by 0.7 units,257.14%and 14.40%,re-spectively,while the contents of exchangeable acid,exchangeable aluminum and available manganese significantly decreased by 600.00%,75.00%and 37.27%,respectively.Compared with the treatment of MT3,the hydrolytic nitrogen content,cation exchange capacity and let-tuce plant height significantly increased by 44.56%,4.01%and 11.29%,respectively.The key environmental factors affecting the main bacterial communities(phylum level)of the protected lettuce field were organic matter(29.8%),pH(24.9%)and available potassium(16.3%).[Conclusion]Applying 6000 kg/hm^(2) calcium-magnesium-phosphorus soil conditioner can increase the pH of protected red soil,reduce the exchangeable acid,exchangeable aluminum content,an

关 键 词：土壤调理剂 酸性障碍 土壤团粒结构 品质 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]