优质肉鸡不同环境控制下的舍内参数分布规律及性能差异性研究  

Parameters distribution and performance difference of high quality broilers under different environmental controls

作　　者：王钱保[1] 黄华云[1] 李春苗[1] 黄正洋 吴兆林[1] 赵振华[1] WANG Qian-bao;HUANG Hua-yun;LI Chun-miao;HUANG Zheng-yang;WU Zhao-lin;ZHAO Zhen-hua(Poultry Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225003,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院家禽研究所,江苏扬州225003

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2024年第5期1108-1115,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-41-Z21);江苏省种业振兴揭榜挂帅项目(JBGS[2021]109);扬州市现代农业项目(YZ2023054);江苏省连云港市富民强村科技帮促项目(GY-BC202202)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确不同饲养条件下优质肉鸡舍内环境参数变化及与生长发育的内在关联性,为优质肉鸡舍内环境参数控制提供理论依据。【方法】选取0 d龄健康的优质肉鸡L系母鸡480只,随机分成4组,每组120只,6个重复,每个重复20只,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ试验组饲养于3间密闭式环控舱内,根据生长周期分别设计不同的温湿度环境控制模式。对照组Ⅳ育雏期(0~21 d)饲养于环控舱内,后转至半封闭式普通鸡舍,测定各组鸡舍内部环境参数和鸡只体重、体尺变化和性器官发育等生长性能。【结果】(1)处于环控舱内的Ⅳ组鸡温度相对较高,达32℃以上,湿度为55%左右,NH_(3)、PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)浓度始终处于较低的状态,随着转入半封闭式普通鸡舍后与舍外温湿度差逐渐加大,各气体和粉尘浓度变化规律与舍外基本一致,均处于先降后升,O_(2)浓度则始终处于相对稳定的趋势。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组舍内新鲜空气的交换使温湿度始终维持在预设范围内,NH_(3)、CO_(2)、O_(2)、PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)等环境参数变化趋势基本与舍外一致,略低于普通半封闭式鸡舍。(2)舍外温度与O_(2)、CO_(2)和NH3的相关系数分别为0.7287、-0.7123和-0.6875(P<0.01),舍内温度与O_(2)、CO_(2)和NH_(3)的相关系数分别为0.8071、-8427和-0.7221(P<0.01),都为中等相关或强相关,说明温度对气体浓度的影响较大,相比于舍外,舍内温度与气体浓度的相关性更强。(3)8周龄时Ⅱ组体重显著高于Ⅲ和Ⅳ组(P<0.05,下同),12周龄时各组鸡体况生长发育达到顶峰,Ⅱ组体重比Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别高84、144和126 g,此时Ⅱ组体斜长、龙骨长显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组;16周龄时第Ⅱ组输卵管长度达到23.25 mm,小黄卵泡和卵巢重量分别为6.25个和10.15 g,均显著大于Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组,表明了不同环境参数控制下优质肉鸡生长及性器官发育有明显差异。【结论】不同类型鸡舍环境参数存在一定程度的�[Objective]The present study aimed to clarify the internal correlation between environmental parameters change and production performance of high quality chicken houses under dfferent feeding conditions,and provide theoretical basis for the control of environmental parameters in high quality chicken houses.[Method]A total of 480 healthy O-day high quality broiler chickens of L line were divided into four groups with 120 chickens per group randomly,6 replicates and 20 chickens each replicate.Experimental groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were fed in three closed environmental control modules,and control group Ⅳ was fed in temperature controlled chambers during brooding period(0-21 days),and transferred to semi-enclosed common coop later.The internal environmental parameters,the changes of body weight,body size and the development of sexual organs were measured.[Result](i)The temperature of group Ⅳ chickens in the environmental control chamber was relatively high,reaching more than 32 C,and the humidity was about 55%.The concentrations of NH_(3),PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) were always in a low state.With the gradual increase of the temperature and humidity difference between the chicken house and the outside after the transfer to the semi-enclosed ordinary chicken house,the change laws of the concentration of gases and dust were the same as outside the house basi-cally,which decreased first and then rose,and the concentration of O_(2) was always in a relatively stable trend.The exchange of fresh air in groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ kept the temperature and humidity within the preset range,other NH_(3),CO_(2),O_(2),PM_(2.5),PMio and other environmental pa-rameters change trends were consistent with the house basically,lower than the ordinary semi-enclosed chicken coop slightly.(i)The corre-lations between the temperature outside the house and O_(2),CO_(2) and NH,were 0.7287,-0.7123 and-0.6875(P<0.01),and the correlations between the temperature inside the house and O_(2),CO_(2) and NH_(3) were 0.8071,-8427 and-0.7221 respectively(P<0.0

关 键 词：优质肉鸡 密闭式环控舱 半封闭式普通鸡舍 环境参数 生长发育 

分 类 号：S831[农业科学—畜牧学]