色谱在糖组学分析中的应用  

Applications of chromatography in glycomics

作　　者：郑义 曹翠岩[1,2] 郭志谋 闫竞宇[1,2] 梁鑫淼 ZHENG Yi;CAO Cuiyan;GUO Zhimou;YAN Jingyu;LIANG Xinmiao(Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Dalian 116023,China;Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center,Nanchang 330100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大连化学物理研究所,辽宁大连116023 [2]赣江中药创新中心,江西南昌330100

出　　处：《色谱》2024年第7期646-657,共12页Chinese Journal of Chromatography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(22074143,21934005);江西省自然科学基金(20232BAB215021);江西省“双千计划”项目.

摘　　要：糖组学是继基因组学和蛋白组学后发展起来的组学技术,是研究细胞、组织或生物体内糖组的组成、结构及功能的一门学科。糖组学研究对深入了解生命活动规律、疾病的预防和治疗以及药物的质控和研发具有重要意义。糖组在生物样品中的丰度较低,且受单糖组成、糖苷键连接位置、连接方式、分支结构等因素的影响,使得糖链的组成与结构复杂多样,给糖组学研究带来了巨大挑战。液相色谱分离技术以及液相色谱-质谱联用技术被广泛应用于糖组的结构解析,在糖组学研究中发挥了不可或缺的作用。本文首先从色谱分离原理的角度讨论了糖链的富集方法及其在糖组学研究中的应用案例,并比较分析了各种方法的优势与不足;在糖链的分离与分析方面,从色谱分离模式的角度,分别列举了反相色谱、高效阴离子色谱、亲水相互作用色谱和多孔石墨化碳色谱分离糖链、糖缀合物或糖衍生物的分离原理,以及各类色谱模式联合质谱解析在糖组学分析中的研究进展。本文对各类色谱方法的分离特色进行了总结与讨论,为研究人员针对特定样品或特定目标物的分离与分析选择合适的方法提供了参考。近年来,在色谱技术的推动下,糖组学研究取得了相当大的进展。随着色谱新材料和新方法的不断开发,色谱技术将在糖组学研究中发挥更加重要的作用。Glycomics,an emerging“omics”technology that was developed after genomics and proteomics,is a discipline that studies the composition,structure,and functions of glycomes in cells,tissues,and organisms.Glycomics plays key roles in understanding the laws of major life activities,disease prevention and treatment,and drug quality control and development.At present,the structural analysis of glycans relies mainly on mass spectrometry.However,glycans have low abundance in biological samples.In addition,factors such as variable monosaccharide compositions,differences in glycosidic bond positions and modes,diverse branching structures,contribute to the complexity of the compositions and structures of glycans,posing great challenges to glycomics research.Liquid chromatography can effectively remove matrix interferences and enhance glycan separation to improve the mass spectrometric response of glycans.Thus,liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry are important technical tools that have been actively applied to solve these problems;these technologies play indispensable roles in glycomics research.Different studies have highlighted similarities and differences in the applications of various types of liquid chromatography,which also reflects the versatility and flexibility of this technology.In this review,we first discuss the enrichment methods for glycans and their applications in glycomics research from the perspective of chromatographic separation mechanisms.We then compare the advantages and disadvantages of these methods.Some glycan-enrichment modes include affinity,hydrophilic interactions,size exclusion,and porous graphitized carbon adsorption.A number of newly developed materials exhibit excellent glycan-enrichment ability.We enumerate the separation mechanisms of reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC),high performance anion-exchange chromatography(HPAEC),hydrophilic interaction chromatography(HILIC),and porous graphitic carbon(PGC)chromatography in th

关 键 词：液相色谱 糖组学 糖链富集 糖链分离 

分 类 号：O658[理学—分析化学]