一次性侧深施缓释肥对冬小麦生长和土壤细菌群落结构的影响  

Effects of one-time side deep application of slow-release fertilizer on winter wheat growth and soil bacterial community structure

作　　者：方袁江 田苗 曹永宏 郑盛阳 赵海涛 钱晓晴 王桂良 FANG Yuanjiang;TIAN Miao;CAO Yonghong;ZHENG Shengyang;ZHAO Haitao;QIAN Xiaoqing;WANG Guiliang(Farmland Quality and Fertilizer Management Station of Binhai County,Yancheng,Jiangsu 224513,China;Yangzhou University/Key Laboratory of Cultivated Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225127,China)

机构地区：[1]滨海县耕地质量与肥料管理站,江苏盐城224513 [2]扬州大学/农业农村部耕地质量监测与评价重点实验室,江苏扬州225127

出　　处：《石河子大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第3期288-297,共10页Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science)

基　　金：2022年滨海县部级化肥减量增效项目(滨农发【2022】85号)。

摘　　要：为了研究一次性侧深施缓释肥对冬小麦生长和土壤细菌群落结构的影响,本研究设置了无肥(CTR)、常规施肥(FP)、一次性侧深施缓释肥料(ZS)3个处理,开展冬小麦产量及产量构成、氮磷钾吸收情况和土壤细菌群落结构特征等方面的研究。结果表明:与CTR处理相比,施肥处理(FP、ZS)的产量显著增加;与FP处理相比,ZS处理穗粒数和籽粒产量(8 283.75 kg·hm-2)显著增加,而穗数和千粒重有所下降;另外,ZS处理秸秆产量有所降低,从而提高了谷草比。与FP处理相比,ZS处理显著增加了籽粒氮、磷、钾累积量,增加了全株磷、钾累积量,而显著降低了全株氮的累积量;同时显著增加了氮、磷、钾收获指数和肥料贡献率以及氮素偏生产力。相比常规施肥,施用缓释肥对土壤细菌多样性和丰富度无显著影响,各处理间存在显著差异的多属于非优势菌属。综上,与常规施肥相比,一次性侧深施缓释肥促进穗粒数的增加而提高籽粒产量,增加了籽粒的氮、磷、钾养分累积量而提高了肥料的利用率,同时可维持土壤细菌群落的稳定。In order to study the effects of one-time side deep application of slow-release fertilizer on winter wheat growth and soil bacterial community structure.three treatments were set up,including no-fertilizer(CTR),conventional fertilization(FP)and one-time side deep application of slow-release fertilizer(ZS).The wheat yield and yield composition,N,P,K absorption and soil bacterial community structure characteristics were studied.The results showed that compared with CTR treatment,the yields of fertilizer treatments(FP,ZS)were significantly increased.Compared with FP treatment,the number of panicle and grain yield(8283.75 kg·hm-2)increased significantly under ZS treatment,while the number of panicle and 1000-grain weight decreased.In addition,the yield of ZS treated straw decreased,and the ratio of grain to grass increased.Compared with FP treatment,ZS treatment significantly increased grain N,P,K accumulation,whole plant P and K accumulation,and decreased whole plant N accumulation.At the same time,the yield index of N,P and K,the contribution rate of fertilizer and nitrogen partial productivity were significantly increased.Compared with FP treatment,the application of slow-release fertilizer had no significant effect on the diversity and abundance of soil bacteria,and most of the bacteria with significant differences among different treatments belonged to non-dominant bacteria.In conclusion,compared with conventional fertilization,one-time side deep application of slow-release fertilizer on winter wheat increased grain number per spike,grain yield,grain N,P,K accumulation,the utilization rate of fertilizer,and maintained the stability of soil bacterial community.

关 键 词：一次性 侧深施肥 缓释肥料 冬小麦 土壤细菌群落结构 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]