水氮调控对河西干旱区制种玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of water and nitrogen regulation on yield and water use efficiency ofmaize cultivated in the arid region of Hexi

作　　者：王飞 王浩宇 蔺宝军 胡明国 薛瑞清 WANG Fei;WANG Haoyu;LIN Baojun;HU Mingguo;XUE Ruiqing(Key Laboratory of Water-saving Irrigation Technology and Equipment in Gansu Province,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China;Dayu Irrigation Group Company Limited,Jiuquan,Gansu 735000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省节水灌溉技术与装备重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [2]大禹节水集团股份有限公司,甘肃酒泉735000

出　　处：《石河子大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第3期298-307,共10页Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science)

基　　金：甘肃省科技计划项目(21ZD4NF044)。

摘　　要：实施水氮调控是提高干旱区制种玉米水分利用效率和产量的有效途径。试验通过设置3900(W1)、4200(W2)、4800(W3)、5 400 m3·hm-2(W4)4个灌水水平和0(F0)、480(F1)、540(F2)、620 kg·hm-2(F3)4个氮肥施肥水平,分析制种玉米产量及产量构成因子、水分利用效率、干物质积累和分配等变化,结果表明:(1)灌溉定额4 800 m3·hm-2、追施氮肥540 kg·hm-2,制种玉米产量、水分利用效率与当地常规灌溉施肥处理比较,增产9.7%、节水12.5%,氮肥节省14.8%,水分利用效率提高22%,灌溉水利用效率提高23.4%;(2)制种玉米叶分配系数随生育期推进呈降低趋势;茎分配系数呈先升高后降低趋势,至大喇叭口期到达锋值,整体偏幅在0.574~0.588;穗分配系数逐渐增大,且水、氮单因素效应对各干物质分配系数无显著影响;(3)隶属函数综合分析表明W3F2处理综合排名最高。因此,灌溉定额4 800 m3·hm-2、追施氮肥540 kg·hm-2的水氮配比能促进制种玉米生长,促使干物质向籽粒转移,提高籽粒质量,达到节水、高产、节肥的目标,是丰乐河灌区制种玉米最优水氮供应处理。Implementing water and nitrogen regulation is an effective approach to enhance the water use efficiency and yield of maize cultivated for seed production in arid regions.The experiment set four irrigation levels at 3900(W1),4200(W2),4800(W3),5400 m 3·hm-2(W4)and four nitrogen fertilization levels at 0(F0),480(F1),540(F2),620 kg·hm-2(F3).The study analyzed changes in maize yield,yield components,water use efficiency,and dry matter accumulation and distribution.The results showed that:(1)With an irrigation quota of 4800 m 3·hm-2 and top-dressed nitrogen fertilizer at 540 kg·hm-2,the yield and water use efficiency of maize increased by 9.7%and 22%respectively,compared to the local conventional irrigation and fertilization treatment.This led to water savings of 12.5%,nitrogen fertilizer savings of 14.8%,and an increase in irrigation water use efficiency by 23.4%.(2)The leaf distribution coefficient of maize showed a decreasing trend with the progression of the growth period.The stem distribution coefficient first increased and then decreased,peaking at the large bell mouth stage,with an overall deviation range of 0.574~0.588.The panicle distribution coefficient gradually increased,and the single-factor effects of water and nitrogen had no significant impact on the dry matter distribution coefficients.(3)A comprehensive analysis using the membership function indicated that the W3F2 treatment had the highest overall ranking.Therefore,an irrigation quota of 4800 m 3·hm-2 and a top-dressed nitrogen fertilizer at 540 kg·hm-2 can promote the growth of maize,facilitate the transfer of dry matter to grains,improve grain quality,and achieve the goals of water conservation,high yield,and fertilizer conservation.This is the optimal water and nitrogen supply treatment for maize cultivation in the Fenglehe Irrigation District.

关 键 词：制种玉米 水氮供应 产量 品质 水分利用效率 干物质 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S144