WTO的性质及其改革:基于规制经济学视角  

The Nature of the WTO and Its Reform:From the Perspective of Regulatory Economics

作　　者：吴朝阳[1] 吴婵 WU Zhao-yang;WU Chan(Institute of International and Economics,Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics,Nanchang 330013,China;Institute of Economics and Trades,Nanchang Institute of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China)

机构地区：[1]江西财经大学国际经贸学院,南昌330013 [2]南昌工程学院经济贸易学院,南昌330013

出　　处：《上海对外经贸大学学报》2024年第4期55-68,共14页Journal of Shanghai University of International Business and Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“规制经济学视角下多边贸易体制改革及其对策研究”(项目编号:19BJL106)资助。

摘　　要：WTO多边贸易体制必须尽快改革已成国际社会共识。从国内外各界所提改革方案看,普遍缺乏科学的理论支撑以对WTO是什么、应具何种使命、应该做什么、应当怎么做等基本命题进行系统的规范性解释。本文从规制经济学视角审视WTO的性质及其改革,认为WTO应定性为致力于治理贸易领域国际市场失灵的多边规制组织,其存在的具体问题包括规制目标越位缺位、规制架构设计不合理、规制机制未与时俱进、规制能力建设不足以及规制供给滞后。具体改革建议包括对WTO的目标使命进行重新审视,对WTO的治理架构进行再造,多措并举提升WTO规制效能,加强边境内规制和社会性规制以及加强WTO规制能力建设。从改革策略看,建议借鉴乌拉圭回合经验,将WTO改革问题纳入多哈回合一体推进。从长远看,各方还应考虑将WTO升级为世界贸易与投资组织的必要性与可能性。It has become an international consensus that the WTO multilateral trading system must be reformed as soon as possible.Judging from the reform plans proposed by various circles at home and abroad,there is a general lack of scientifi c theoretical support to systematically and normatively explain the basic propositions such as what the WTO is,what its mission should be,what it should do,and how it should be done and so on.This paper examines the WTO and its reform from the perspective of regulatory economics,and argues that the WTO should be defi ned as a multilateral regulatory organization committed to the governance of international market failures in the fi eld of trade.The specifi c problems include off side and absence of target and mission,the design of the regulatory framework needs to be optimized,the effi ciency of the operating mechanism needs to be improved,the lack of regulatory capacity building and the lagging supply of new rules.The specifi c reform proposals include re-examining the goal and mission of the WTO,optimizing the governance structure of the WTO,taking multiple measures to improve the effectiveness of WTO regulation,strengthening the capacity building of WTO regulations,and strengthening border regulation and social regulation.From the perspective of reform strategy,this paper proposes to learn from the experience of the Uruguay Round and integrate the reform of WTO into the Doha Round.In the long run,all parties should also consider the necessity and possibility of upgrading WTO into a world trade and investment organization.

关 键 词：WTO改革 国际市场失灵 规制经济学 

分 类 号：F743[经济管理—国际贸易] F744[经济管理—产业经济]