滇西北岩质边坡生态修复基材抗冲刷性能试验研究  

Experimental study on the anti-erosion performance of ecological restoration substrate for rock slope in Northwest Yunnan

作　　者：李博林 雷平 安源 杨继华 刘雅婷 陈晓雪 杨继清[1] LI Bolin;LEI Ping;AN Yuan;YANG Jihua;LIU Yating;CHEN Xiaoxue;YANG Jiqing(School of Architectural Engineering,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650500,Yunnan,China;China Nonferrous Metals Industry Kunming Survey and Design Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650051,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学建筑工程学院,云南昆明650500 [2]中国有色金属工业昆明勘察设计研究院有限公司,云南昆明650051

出　　处：《矿产与地质》2024年第3期534-542,共9页Mineral Resources and Geology

基　　金：国家级大创项目“碳中和背景下的岩石边坡生态修复技术研究”(编号:202210676009);校企合作项目“高寒山区高陡边坡植被恢复关键技术研究”(编号:20200618);云南水利重大科技项目“工程扰动亚高山草甸植被恢复关键技术模式研究”(编号:YSKZ2023001-04)共同资助。

摘　　要：工程建设的开发形成了大量的裸露岩质边坡,水土流失严重,导致矿山地质灾害等一系列生态环境灾难。由于对于高海拔矿山岩质边坡的研究案例仍然很少,为了验证适合在高寒山区岩质边坡进行生态修复的生态基材的抗冲刷性能,本文采用小车边坡模拟试验进行了生态基材冲刷试验。首先测量了生态基材冲刷的径流量和侵蚀量,然后计算了坡体的抗冲刷强度,最后讨论了坡度、降雨强度、植物种类对坡体抗冲刷性能的影响,并通过现场试验,检查基材抗冲刷性能。研究结果表明:通过对比不同降雨强度下模拟边坡的抗冲刷性能指标,可以发现随着降雨强度增加,模拟坡体的径流量、侵蚀量会明显增加,坡体抗冲刷强度指标会明显下降;在同等条件下,模拟45°坡面比模拟60°坡面的径流率要高,但是侵蚀率要低;护坡植物能有效提高坡体的抗冲刷性能,不同植物的搭配对于边坡的抗冲刷性能有不同影响,从试验结果来看,混播黑麦草和紫花苜蓿效果明显强于单播黑麦草。该研究结果可为高寒山区岩质边坡的生态基材抗冲刷性能提供理论依据及边坡生态修复提供技术支持。The development of project construction has formed a large number of exposed rock slopes,with serious soil erosion,leading to a series of ecological and environmental disasters such as mine geological disaster.Since there are still few research cases on rock slope in high altitude mine,in order to verify the anti-erosion performance of ecological substrate suitable for ecological restoration of rock slope in high cold mountainous areas,the trolley slope simulation test is used.Firstly,the runoff and erosion amount of the ecological substrate are measured,and then the anti-erosion strength of the slope is calculated.Finally,the influence of the slope,rainfall intensity and plant species on the anti-erosion performance of the slope is discussed,and the anti-erosion performance of the substrate is checked through field test.The research result indicates that by comparing the anti-erosion performance indicators of simulated slopes under different rainfall intensities,it can be found that as the rainfall intensity increases,the runoff and erosion of the simulated slope will significantly increase,while the anti-erosion strength indicator of the slope will significantly decrease.Under the same condition,simulating a 45°slope results in a higher runoff rate than simulating a 60°slope,but a lower erosion rate.Slope protection plants can effectively improve the anti-erosion performance of slopes,and the combination of different plants has different effects on the anti-erosion performance of slope.From the experimental result,mixed planting of ryegrass and alfalfa has a significantly stronger effect than single planting of ryegrass.The research result can provide the theoretical basis for the anti-erosion performance of ecological substrate on rocky slope in high cold mountainous areas and technical support for slope ecological restoration.

关 键 词：水土流失 径流率 侵蚀率 抗冲刷性能 模拟坡面 

分 类 号：TD167[矿业工程—矿山地质测量]