通过合同实现算法行政问责  

Implementing Accountability of Algorithmic Administrative Through Contracts

作　　者：张恩典 ZHANG En-dian(School of Law,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌大学法学院,江西南昌330031

出　　处：《南昌大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第3期76-87,共12页Journal of Nanchang University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“习近平法治思想中的民生保障理论研究”(21&ZD190)。

摘　　要：以机器学习算法为代表的数字技术正推动算法行政的兴起。伴随着数字政府建设浪潮,当前算法行政面临多重问责困境,具体表现为算法黑箱加剧行政决策的不透明性、商业秘密阻碍算法问责、算法行政拒斥行政机构专业判断以及褫夺公民参与决策和获得救济权利。面对算法行政问责困境,合同规制进路因具有回应性、灵活性等优势,不失为一种可供选择的补充性算法治理方案。宜从总体原则、重点内容和组织保障三个维度来建构算法行政问责的合同规制进路:遵循以风险为基础的采购原则,将算法问责作为协商重点内容,建立专业算法系统采购小组,确保政府采购具有透明性和负责任的人工智能算法系统,从而实现算法问责,重塑算法行政合法性。Digital technologies represented by machine learning algorithms are driving the rise of algorithmic administration.With the wave of digital government construction,current algorithmic administration is facing multiple accountability dilemmas,which are manifested in the exacerbation of opaque administrative decision-making by algorithmic black boxes,obstruction of algorithmic accountability by trade secrets,rejection of professional judgments of administrative agencies by algorithmic administration,and deprivation of citizens’rights to participate in decision-making and obtain relief.Faced with the dilemma of algorithmic administrative accountability,contract regulation has advantages such as responsiveness and flexibility,making it an optional supplementary algorithmic governance solution.It is advisable to construct a contract regulatory approach for algorithmic administrative accountability from three dimensions:overall principles,key content,and organizational guarantees:following the risk-based procurement principle,making algorithmic accountability a key negotiation content,establishing a professional algorithmic system procurement team,ensuring that government procurement has transparency and a responsible artificial intelligence algorithm system,thereby achieving algorithmic accountability and reshaping algorithmic administrative legitimacy.

关 键 词：算法行政 问责制 算法透明 合同治理 政府采购 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] TP301.6[政治法律—法学]