蒙古帝国之后:明朝与帖木儿政权的政治博弈  

After the Mongol Empire:The Political Game Between China and the Timurid Empire in the Early Ming Dynasty

作　　者：王红成 Wang Hong-cheng(School of History Culture and Tourism,Hexi University,Zhangye Gansu 734000)

机构地区：[1]河西学院历史文化与旅游学院,甘肃张掖734000

出　　处：《河西学院学报》2024年第3期35-42,共8页Journal of Hexi University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项2021年度重大招标项目“河西走廊与中亚文明”(LSYZD21008)子项目“河西走廊与中亚的人文交流研究”;2023年甘肃省高校青年博士支持项目“明代西域政局与西北边疆秩序研究”(2023QB-080);河西学院博士科研启动基金“张璁的政治理想及践行研究”(KYQD2020045)。

摘　　要：明朝和帖木儿帝国是在蒙古帝国衰落之后相继兴起于亚洲东西两端的大帝国,其创建者都把自身政权合法性追溯到成吉思汗家族。朱元璋认为忽必烈是同于唐宗宋祖一样的中原王朝开创者,并使之成为其政权合法性的政治来源。帖木儿自视成吉思汗的继承者、蒙古三汗国的守护者,在其帝国实力大增之后,积极和明朝争夺蒙古帝国继承者的身份。但朱元璋自认其政权合法性的角逐对手是北元而不是帖木儿帝国,只是把帖木儿视作故元宗王一样的地方统治者。沙哈鲁继任锁鲁檀之后延续了帖木儿的对明政策,从政权和教权两层面同明朝争夺这一身份。朱棣无意和帖木儿帝国交恶,没有直面回应沙哈鲁对汗位统序的追溯,而是不失友好地宣示“天命”已从蒙元转到了明朝。The Ming Dynasty and the Timurid Empire were great empires that emerged on the eastern and western ends of Asia after the decline of the Mongol Empire,and their founders traced their legitimacy to the Genghis Khan family.Zhu Yuanzhang identified Kublai Khan as the founder of the Central Plains Dynasty,like Emperor Tang and Song Zu,and made it a political source of legitimacy for his regime.Timur regarded himself as the successor of Genghis Khan and the guardian of the Mongol Three Khanates.After his empire greatly expanded,he actively competed with the Ming Dynasty for the status of successor to the Mongol Empire.However,Zhu Yuanzhang considered his opponent for the legitimacy of his regime to be the Northern Yuan rather than the Timurid Empire,viewing Timur as a local ruler like the former Emperor Yuanzong.After Shah Rukh succeeded Sultan,he continued Timur’s policy toward the Ming Dynasty,competing with the Ming Dynasty for this identity at both the political and ecclesiastical levels.Zhu Di had no intention of making a feud with the Timurid Empire and did not directly respond to Shah Rukh’s assertion of the order of the Khan’s throne,but amicably declared that the“Mandate of Heaven”had been transferred from the Mongol Yuan to the Ming Dynasty.

关 键 词：明朝 帖木儿政权 外交 

分 类 号：K284[历史地理—历史学]