贩卖麻醉药品、精神药品行为刑法规制的困境与出路——以《昆明会议纪要》为视角  

The Dilemma and Way out of the Criminal Law Regulation of theAct of Selling Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Drugs— From the Perspective of the Minutes of the Kunming Conference

作　　者：梅传强[1] 陈雨蒙 MEI Chuanqiang;CHEN Yumeng(Law School,Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120,China)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《河南科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期39-48,共10页Journal of Henan University of Science & Technology(Social science)

基　　金：2023年重庆市研究生科研创新项目(CYB23163);西南政法大学2023年度学生科研创新项目(2023XZXS-124);西南政法大学国家毒品问题治理研究中心2023年度项目[DR(2023)X009]。

摘　　要：麻醉药品和精神药品具有药品、毒品和化学的多元属性,贩卖此类物品在司法认定及法律适用上需要坚持更高的要求和标准,紧扣认定罪名的构成要件。贩卖毒品罪的适用条件模糊、“代购型”贩卖等特殊贩卖行为所产生的认定争议,以及妨害药品管理罪与非法经营罪适用混乱导致的定罪偏差,是刑法规制过程中亟待解决的问题。为破解前述现实困境,应以主观目的之认定为重要依据,明确贩卖毒品罪中“明知”在先、“治疗疾病”在后的主观判断顺序,并综合考量具体行为的违法程度,坚持法律效果与社会效果协调统一理念的指引,提出相对应的路径优化建议。在具体优化路径方面,从药品性质、销售对象和方式等角度出发,为主观目的之认定提供客观参考标准;整理“代购型”贩卖、网络销售两种特殊贩卖行为的刑法规制思路,厘清所涉及的走私、贩卖毒品罪和非毒品犯罪之间的认定逻辑;妨害药品管理罪与非法经营罪中关于“许可”的具体指向不同,应以此为基点辨析两罪的适用界限,并深化构成要件的理解,为该类案件的办理提供参考。Narcotic drugs and psychotropic drugs have the multiple attributes of medications,drugs and chemicals,and the sale of such substances needs to adhere to higher requirements and standards in judicial identification and legal application,and to be closely related to the constituent elements of the conviction of crimes.It is urgent to solve such problems in the process of criminal law regulation as the vague application conditions of the crime of drug trafficking,the identification disputes caused by special trafficking behaviors such as“purchasing type”trafficking,and the conviction deviation caused by the confused application of the crime of obstructing medicine management and the crime of illegal business.In order to solve the above-mentioned practical dilemma,the identification of subjective purpose should be taken as an important basis,and the subjective judgment order of“knowing”first and“disease treatment”second in the crime of drug trafficking should be clarified.Also,the illegal degree of specific behaviors should be comprehensively considered,then the guidance of the concept of coordination and unification of legal effect and social effect should be adhered to,and the corresponding path optimization suggestions should be put forward.In the aspect of specific optimization path,based on drug nature,sales targets and methods,the objective reference standard is to be provided for the determination of subjective purpose,the criminal law regulation thoughts of two special trafficking behaviors,“purchasing type”trafficking and network sales,are to be sorted out and the identification logic between the crime of drug smuggling,the crime of drug trafficking and non-drug crimes involved are to be clarified.The specific definition of“license”in the crime of obstructing medicine management and the crime of illegal business operation is different.Therefore,the applicable boundaries of the two crimes on the basis above should be distinguished,as well as the understanding of the constituent elements sh

关 键 词：麻醉药品 精神药品 《昆明会议纪要》 贩卖毒品罪 妨害药品管理罪 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]