静电溶吹微纳无机纤维制备技术及其应用进展  

Review on preparation and applications of electro-blown spunmicro-nano inorganic fibers

作　　者：于雯 邓南平[1,2] 唐湘泉 康卫民[1,2] 程博闻 YU Wen;DENG Nanping;TANG Xiangquan;KANG Weimin;CHENG Bowen(School of Textile Science and Engineering,Tiangong University,Tianjin 300387,China;State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes,Tiangong University,Tianjin 300387,China;Tinjin University of Science&Technology,Tianjin 300457,China)

机构地区：[1]天津工业大学纺织科学与工程学院,天津300387 [2]天津工业大学分离膜与膜过程国家重点实验室,天津300387 [3]天津科技大学,天津300457

出　　处：《纺织学报》2024年第7期230-239,共10页Journal of Textile Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51973157);天津市科技计划项目(19PTSYJC00010)。

摘　　要：静电纺丝技术存在生产效率低和对高黏纺丝溶液限制大等问题,阻碍了高性能无机纤维的大规模产业化进程,而静电溶吹技术基于静电力与气流力的耦合作用,可助力微纳纤维的高产高质。为推广静电溶吹纺丝技术并为微纳无机纤维生产提供理论和实践依据,综述了该技术的基础研究,包括原理和先进设备;具体分析了该技术生产无机纤维的影响因素,尤其明晰了产业化的可控工艺;总结了目前国内外静电溶吹技术制备无机纤维的应用进展,通过与其它纺丝技术的对比阐明了静电溶吹技术目前存在的优势和挑战,并指出协同提升纤维质量和产量、赋予纤维结构/功能多样化以及研发多孔轻质无机纤维和超细无机纱线是该技术未来的重要发展方向。Significance With the development of sophisticated technologies,novel materials are required for compatibility,lightweight,high strength and temperature resistance.Combined with the large length-to-diameter ratio and high specific surface area of one-dimensional materials,micro-nano inorganic fibers with size effect show great potential for many applications.However,there are some problems including insufficient fineness,poor controllability and continuity in the current methods of preparing micro-nano fibers,such as stretching method,chemical vapor deposition and phase separation.Moreover,the most mature and widely used electrospinning technology has some problems,such as low production efficiency and strict restrictions on spinning solution with high viscosity,which hinder the large-scale industrialization of high-performance inorganic fibers.Recently,electro-blown spinning,based on the coupling effect between electric field force and ejection force of the air stream,has demionstrated capability of contributing to the high yield and high quality of micro-nano fibers.Meanwhile,the airflow can assist in starting,stabilizing,and completing the rotation process of jet.Compared with traditional electrospinning and solution blow spinning technologies,inorganic fibers prepared by electro-blown spinning are characterized by higher yield(dozens to hundreds of times more than electrospinning),small diameter(nanometer and submicron scale)and uniformity.Progress In order to promote the electro-blown spinning technology and provide theoretical and practical basis for preparing inorganic fiber,this paper reviews the basic researches,including the principle and advanced equipment.The core components are composed of feeding device,spinning die,high-voltage power supply,gas control system and receiving device.For large-scale production,there are many novel designs for spinning die,such as disc multi-nozzle,multi-branch/tip equipment,solution channel surrounded by internal/external double-layer air flow.The influencing factors o

关 键 词：静电溶吹纺丝 气电纺 无机微纳纤维 静电纺丝 无机纤维 

分 类 号：TS174[轻工技术与工程—纺织材料与纺织品设计] TQ343[轻工技术与工程—纺织科学与工程]