以废弃煤矸石为惰性剂的低爆速乳化炸药性能研究  

Study on the performance of low detonation velocity emulsion explosive with waste coal gangue as inert agent

作　　者：程维 王尹军 何志伟[1] 张功震 李志远 张贺[1] CHENG Wei;WANG Yin-jun;HE Zhi-wei;ZHANG Gong-zhen;LI Zhi-yuan;ZHANG He(School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering,Anhui University of Science and Technology,huainan 232001,Anhui,China;BGRIMM Technology Group,Beijing 100160,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学化工与爆破学院,安徽淮南232001 [2]矿冶科技集团有限公司,北京100160

出　　处：《工程爆破》2024年第3期104-113,共10页Engineering Blasting

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51404006)。

摘　　要：为了研制低成本、低爆速乳化炸药,并将大量废弃的煤矸石进行废物利用以减小环境污染,将3种不同粒径的煤矸石粉末作为惰性剂,添加入乳化炸药中进行了爆速测试、空中爆炸冲击波超压试验和TG-DSC同步热分析。试验表明,随煤矸石粉末质量分数由0%升至40%,爆速呈降低趋势,其中含较小粒径粉末的炸药爆速要较低,当3#煤矸的质量分数达40%时爆速降至2 755 m/s,空中爆炸冲击波超压峰值由48.53 kPa降至22.23 kPa,正压时间从343.15μs升至426.10μs,压力上升速率由2.210 9 kPa/μs降至0.369 1 kPa/μs,正相冲量减少25.44%。可见煤矸石可有效降低乳化炸药的爆速和爆轰冲击载荷。热分析结果表明,煤矸石粉末未显著改变乳化炸药热分解结果,仅使热分解温度下降29~34℃,仍处于乳化炸药合理的热分解温度范围。In order to develop a low cost emulsion explosive with low detonation velocity and use a large amount of waste coal gangue to reduce environmental pollution,three kinds of coal gangue powder with different particle sizes as inert agents were added to the emulsion explosive to carry out detonation velocity test,air blast shock wave overpressure test and TG-DSC synchronous thermal analysis.The experimental results show that with the coal gangue powder content increasing from 0%to 40%,the detonation velocity was decreasing,the detonation velocity of the explosive containing powder with smaller particle size is lower,and the detonation velocity decreases to 2755 m/s when the powder content of 3#reaches 40%.The peak overpressure of air blast wave decreased from 48.53 kPa to 22.23 kPa,the positive pressure time increased from 343.150x0E䥺SymbolmA@0x0Fs to 426.100x0E䥺SymbolmA@0x0Fs,the pressure rise rate decreased from 2.2109 kPa/0x0E䥺SymbolmA@0x0Fs to 0.3691 kPa/0x0E䥺SymbolmA@0x0Fs,and the positive phase impulse decreased by 25.44%.It can be seen that coal gangue can effectively reduce the detonation velocity and detonation impact load of emulsion explosive.The thermal analysis results show that the coal gangue powder does not change the thermal decomposition results of emulsion explosive,and only reduces the thermal decomposition temperature by 29~34℃,which is still in the reasonable thermal decomposition temperature range of emulsion explosive.

关 键 词：乳化炸药 低爆速 煤矸石 爆轰性能 热稳定性 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设]