烟秆炭基肥对植烟土壤氮组分及微生物群落结构的影响  

Effects of tobacco stem biochar based fertilizer on nitrogen composition and microbial community structure of tobacco planting soil

作　　者：刘东明 郭宇轩 童晨晓 魏圆慧 杨曦 毛艳玲[1,2,3] LIU Dong-ming;GUO Yu-xuan;TONG Chen-xiao;WEI Yuan-hui;YANG Xi;MAO Yan-ling(College of Resources and Environment,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China;University Key Lab of Soil Ecosystem,Health and Regulation of Fujian,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China;Fujian Colleges and University Engineering Research Institute of Conservation&Utilization of Natural Bioresources,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学资源与环境学院,福建福州350002 [2]土壤生态系统健康与调控福建省高校重点实验室,福建福州350002 [3]自然生物资源保育利用福建省高校工程研究中心,福建福州350002

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2024年第4期932-941,共10页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：中央财政林业科技推广示范项目(闽[2023]TG25号);福建省财政厅科研专项基金项目(KKY22005XA);福建农林大学科技创新专项基金项目(KFB23119A)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同用量烟秆炭基肥对植烟土壤氮组分及微生物群落结构的影响,以期为烟秆炭基肥在农业生产中的应用及植烟土壤氮素固持提供科学依据。【方法】采用田间试验,设对照(CK,不施肥)、烟草专用肥(F,750 kg/ha)、低量烟秆炭基肥(LBF,525 kg/ha)、中量烟秆炭基肥(MBF,1050 kg/ha)和高量烟秆炭基肥(HBF,1575kg/ha)共5个处理,其中MBF与F处理的氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)养分含量相同。烟叶成熟期采集表层土壤样品测定土壤氮含量、酶活性及微生物相关指标,分析不同用量烟秆炭基肥处理对土壤有机氮和无机氮含量、土壤氮循环酶活性及微生物群落结构的影响。【结果】与CK相比,施用烟秆炭基肥显著提高了土壤的全氮、可溶性有机氮、颗粒有机氮及铵态氮含量(P<0.05,下同),且各指标随烟秆炭基肥用量的增加而提高;同等肥力下,与F处理相比,MBF和HBF处理的全氮含量提高5.41%和7.43%、可溶性有机氮含量提高35.65%和62.45%,颗粒有机氮含量提高26.83%和37.71%,铵态氮含量提高109.59%和200.65%。与CK相比,LBF、MBF和HBF处理的过氧化氢酶活性分别显著提高22.13%、35.66%和48.43%,脲酶活性分别显著提高37.72%、45.50%和62.08%;与F处理相比,MBF和HBF处理的过氧化氢酶活性分别显著提高21.29%和32.70%,脲酶活性分别显著提高5.33%和17.33%。施用肥料后土壤微生物量氮含量显著提高,各处理由高到低排序为HBF>MBF>LBF>F>CK,LBF、MBF和HBF处理的微生物量氮含量较F处理分别提高31.83%、44.32%和59.84%。施用烟秆炭基肥增加了土壤细菌群落丰富度和多样性,且与施用量有关,其中HBF处理的Chao1指数和Shannon指数最高,较CK分别显著提高4.38%和5.92%,较F处理分别显著提高2.68%和3.46%。施用烟秆炭基肥也影响了细菌群落组成,与CK相比,LBF、MBF和HBF处理的变形菌门(Proteobacteria)相对丰度降低11.14%~15.16%,放线菌门(Actinobacteria)相对丰度提高6.【Objective】In order to provide scientific basis for the application of tobacco stem biochar based fertilizer in agricultural production and nitrogen retention in tobacco planting soil,the effects of different amounts of tobacco stem biochar based fertilizer on nitrogen composition and microbial community structure were studied.【Method】Through the field experiment,five treatments were set up:control(CK,no fertilization),tobacco special fertilizer(F,750 kg/ha),low amount of tobacco stem biochar based fertilizer(LBF,525 kg/ha),medium amount of tobacco stem biochar based fertilizer(MBF,1050 kg/ha)and high amount of tobacco stem biochar based fertilizer(HBF,1575 kg/ha).The contents of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)treated by MBF and F were the same.Soil nitrogen content,enzyme activity and microbial related indexes were determined from surface soil samples at the mature stage of tobacco leaves.The effects of different amounts of tobacco stem biochar based fertilizer treatment on soil organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen content,soil nitrogen cycling enzyme activity and microbial community structure were analyzed.【Result】Compared with CK,the contents of total nitrogen,soluble organic nitrogen,particulate organic nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in soil were significantly increased(P<0.05,the same below),and each index increased with the increase of the amount of biochar based fertilizer.Under the same fertility,total nitrogen content increased by 5.41%and 7.43%,soluble organic nitrogen content increased by 35.65%and 62.45%,particulate organic nitrogen content increased by 26.83%and 37.71%,ammonium nitrogen content increased by 109.59%and 200.65%respectively in MBF and HBF treatments compared with F treatment.Compared with CK,catalase activity of LBF,MBF and HBF treatment was significantly increased by 22.13%,35.66%and 48.43%,and urease activity was significantly increased by 37.72%,45.50%and 62.08%,respectively.Compared with F treatment,the catalase activity of MBF and HBF treatments was signifi

关 键 词：烟秆炭基肥 氮组分 酶活性 微生物群落结构 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学]