盐度和亚硝酸盐氮慢性胁迫对凡纳滨对虾生长、抗氧化及免疫的影响  

Effects of chronic salinity and nitrite nitrogen stress on growth,antioxidation and immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei

作　　者：王林薇 程曦 甘宏宽 戴习林[1,2] WANG Lin-wei;CHENG Xi;GAN Hong-kuan;DAI Xi-lin(National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education(Shanghai Ocean University),Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding(Shanghai Ocean University),Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心(上海海洋大学),上海201306 [2]水产动物遗传育种中心上海市协同创新中心(上海海洋大学),上海201306

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2024年第4期1194-1206,共13页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：上海市现代农业产业技术体系项目(沪农科产字[2022]第5号)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析盐度和亚硝酸盐氮慢性胁迫对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长、抗氧化及免疫的影响,探究凡纳滨对虾应对环境胁迫的调控机制,为其健康养殖提供理论依据。【方法】以凡纳滨对虾(平均体长5.20±0.67 cm,平均体质量2.01±0.73 g)为试验材料,设计双因素试验,盐度为0.5‰、1.0‰和3.0‰,亚硝酸盐氮浓度为0.07、0.20、0.50、1.50、4.00和10.90 mg/L,共18个处理组,进行30 d胁迫试验,测定凡纳滨对虾生长性能指标、肝胰腺和鳃组织酶活性及抗氧化与免疫相关基因相对表达量并进行TUNEL检测。【结果】凡纳滨对虾存活率、体长日增长值和体质量日增长值在相同盐度下均随着亚硝酸盐氮浓度的升高总体呈下降趋势,在相同亚硝酸盐氮浓度下随着盐度的升高总体呈上升趋势;肝胰腺和鳃的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)活性与锰型超氧化物歧化酶基因(Mn-sod)、CAT基因、GPx基因、细胞色素氧化酶基因(CytC)、细胞凋亡因子Caspase-3基因(CASP3)和抗菌肽基因(Crustin)相对表达量在相同盐度下均随着亚硝酸盐氮浓度的升高呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,在相同亚硝酸盐氮浓度下随着盐度的升高总体呈上升趋势。TUNEL检测结果显示,凡纳滨对虾肝细胞凋亡率随着亚硝酸盐氮浓度的增加呈上升趋势。盐度和亚硝酸盐氮的交互作用对凡纳滨对虾的存活率、体长日增长值及体质量日增长值均无显著影响(P>0.05),但对肝胰腺和鳃组织的T-AOC及CAT、GPx活性与Mn-sod、CAT、GPx、CytC、CASP3、Crustin相对表达量均有极显著影响(P<0.01)。【结论】抗氧化酶(CAT和GPx)及抗氧化与免疫相关基因(Mnsod、CAT、GPx、CytC、CASP3和Crustin)参与凡纳滨对虾在盐度和亚硝酸盐氮胁迫下的应答过程,盐度和亚硝酸盐氮的变化会引起凡纳滨对虾氧化应激反应,胁迫程度较轻时,机体通过增加抗氧化【Objective】The aim was to analyze the effects of chronic salinity and nitrite nitrogen stress on the growth,antioxidation and immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei,and to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of L.vannamei in response to environmental stress,which could provide a theoretical basis for its healthy culture.【Method】L.vannamei(average body length 5.20±0.67 cm,average body weight 2.01±0.73 g)were used as the test material,a two-factor experiment was designed with salinity being 0.5‰,1.0‰,3.0‰,and nitrite nitrogen concentrations being 0.07,0.20,0.50,1.50,4.00,10.90 mg/L.A total of 18 treatment groups were carried out for 30 d stress test.The growth performance indexes,enzyme activities of hepatopancreas and gill tissues and relative expression of antioxidant and immune related genes were measured and TUNEL assay was performed.【Result】Under the same salinity,survival rate,daily growth value of body length,and daily growth value of body weight of L.vannamei all showed an overall decreasing trend with the increase of nitrite nitrogen concentration,under the same nitrite nitrogen concentration,they showed general upward trend with increasing salinity.The total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),catalase(CAT),and glutathione peroxidase(GPx)in hepatopancreas and gill tissues,as well as the relative expressions of manganese-type superoxide dismutase gene(Mn-sod),CAT gene,GPx gene,cytochrome oxidase gene(CytC),apoptosis factor Caspase-3 gene(CASP3),and antimicrobial peptide gene(Crustin)showed an increasing trend and then a decreasing trend with the increase of nitrite nitrogen concentration under the same salinity,and the showed an increasing trend with increasing salinity under the same nitrite nitrogen concentration.The results of TUNEL assay showed that the rate of L.vannamei hepatocyte apoptosis increased with increa-sing nitrite nitrogen concentration.The interaction between salinity and nitrite nitrogen did not significantly affect the survival rate,daily growth value of body length and daily gr

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 生长 抗氧化 免疫 细胞凋亡 

分 类 号：S968.22[农业科学—水产养殖]