膨腹海马不同生长阶段的形态特征研究  

Morphological characteristics of Hippocampus abdominalis at different growth stages

作　　者：赵春暖 王晓梅[1,2,3,4] 于涛 单秀娟[5] 任利群 郑言鑫[1,2,3] 李波[1,2,3] 李致远 王喜文[1,2,3] 陈洋 ZHAO Chun-nuan;WANG Xiao-mei;YU Tao;SHAN Xiu-juan;REN Li-qun;ZHENG Yan-xin;LI Bo;LI Zhi-yuan;WANG Xi-wen;CHEN Yang(Changdao Enhancement and Experiment Station,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Yantai,Shandong 265800,China;Engineering Technology Research Center of Shellfish and Algae Breeding,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Yantai,Shandong 265800,China;Island and Reef Fisheries Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Yantai,Shandong 265800,China;Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Beijing 100141,China;Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao,Shandong 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院长岛增殖实验站,山东烟台265800 [2]中国水产科学研究院贝藻繁育工程技术研究中心,山东烟台265800 [3]中国水产科学研究院岛礁渔业研究中心,山东烟台265800 [4]中国水产科学研究院资源与环境研究中心,北京100141 [5]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2024年第4期1216-1224,共9页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42176151);中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2022YJ02,2023TD69,2023TD12)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究膨腹海马(Hippocampus abdominalis)不同生长阶段特殊表型性状及其相关性,筛选出影响2月龄膨腹海马体质量的主要形态性状,为辅助膨腹海马形态学研究及其人工选育打下理论基础。【方法】以人工繁育的10日龄和2月龄膨腹海马为研究对象,根据需要分别测定下颌长(X1)、上颌长(X2)、吻长(X3)、眼径(X4)、眼后头长(X_(5))、头长(X_(6))、躯干长(X_(7))、尾长(X_(8))、背鳍长(X_(9))、体长(X_(10))及体质量(Y)等表型性状,运用相关分析、主成分分析比较10日龄和2月龄膨腹海马各表型性状间的相关性及主要发育方向,并以通径分析和灰色关联度分析探究2月龄膨腹海马主要形态性状对体质量的影响。【结果】除了10日龄膨腹海马的下颌长与背鳍长间的相关性不显著(P>0.05)外,2个时期其他性状间的相关系数均达显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01,下同)水平。不同生长阶段膨腹海马主成分聚焦的方向不同,10日龄到2月龄,膨腹海马初始体长增长较快,头吻部生长发育明显,后期则聚焦于躯干部的生长。通径分析结果显示,影响2月龄膨腹海马体质量的主要形态性状是头长和体长,其中体长对体质量的直接影响最大(0.763),而头长主要通过体长间接影响体质量(0.278);构建的回归方程(Y=-1.817+0.038X_(6)+0.029X_(10))可准确预测体质量的变化(F=127.556,P<0.01)。灰色关联度分析结果显示,与2月龄膨腹海马体质量关联度较高的形态性状包括躯干长、尾长、头长和体长,对应的关联系数分别为0.787、0.754、0.745和0.724。不同分析方法得出的结果略有差异,但与体质量关联度较高的形态性状中均含有体长。【结论】10日龄到2月龄膨腹海马的生长从头吻部转移到躯干生长。在以体质量为目标性状选育2月龄膨腹海马时,应以体长为主要选择性状,并兼顾头长、躯干长和尾长的协同选择。【Objective】The special phenotypic traits and correlation at different growth stages of Hippocampus abdominalis were explored,and the main morphological traits affecting the quality of H.abdominalis at two-month-old were selected,which laid reference for the morphological study and artificial breeding of H.abdominalis.【Method】Ten-day-old and two-month-old artificial breeding H.abdominalis were randomly collected as the research objects.The phenotypic traits including mandibular length(X1),maxillary length(X2),snout length(X3),eye diameter(X4),head length behind the eye(X_(5)),head length(X_(6)),trunk length(X_(7)),tail length(X_(8)),dorsal fin length(X_(9)),body length(X_(10))and body weight(Y)were measured.The correlation of phenotypic traits and main development direction of 10-day-old and 2-month-old H.abdominalis were compared by correlation analysis and principal component analysis.The effects of main morphological traits on body weight of 2-month-old H.abdominalis were studied by path analysis and grey correlation analysis.【Result】Except for the insignificant correlation between mandibular length and dorsal fin length of 10-day-old H.abdominalis(P>0.05),the correlation coefficients of other traits at the two stages were significant(P<0.05)or extremely significant(P<0.01,the same below).The focusing directions of principal component were different at different stages.From 10-day-old to 2-month-old H.abdominalis,the initial body length increased rapidly,the growth and deve-lopment of head and snout were obvious at first,and the growth of the trunk was focused in the later stage.Path analysis results of 2-month-old H.abdominalis showed that head length and body length were the main morphological traits affec-ting body weight.The largest direct effect on body weight was body length(0.763),while the largest indirect effect on body weight was head length through the body length(0.278).The regression equation(Y=-1.817+0.038X_(6)+0.029X_(10))could accurately predict the change of body weight(F=127.556,P<

关 键 词：膨腹海马 形态性状 体质量 通径分析 灰色关联度分析 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]