不同炉中钎焊气氛对不锈钢耐腐蚀性能的影响  

Effect of Different Brazing Atmospheres in Furnace on Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels

作　　者：黄昌文 陈建平[2] 林泓延 HUANG Changwen;CHEN Jianping;LIN Hongyan(Water Heaters and Kitchen Appliances Manufacturing Center,Guangdong Vanward New Electric Co.,Ltd.,Foshan 528305,China;College of Intelligent Manufacturing,Foshan Polytechnic,Foshan 528317,China;College of Electromechanical Engineering,Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University,Guangzhou 510630,China)

机构地区：[1]广东万和新电气股份有限公司热厨制造中心,广东佛山528305 [2]佛山职业技术学院智能制造学院,广东佛山528317 [3]广东技术师范大学机电学院,广东广州510630

出　　处：《热加工工艺》2024年第9期50-54,共5页Hot Working Technology

基　　金：广东省普通高校重点科研平台和科研项目(2020KQNCX210);中国职业技术教育学会一般课题项目(2021B168)。

摘　　要：考虑企业生产的安全性和经济性,家用燃气快速热水器用铜制热交换器炉中钎焊工艺的保护气氛由氨分解气气氛改为天然气气氛,但发现热交换器水道管路中304不锈钢扰流弹簧易产生氧化腐蚀。本文以430和304不锈钢扰流弹簧为研究对象,将弹簧在氨分解气与天然气气氛的网带式高温钎焊炉中进行800~830℃的钎焊,然后进行24、48 h的大气氧化试验,以及72 h的中性盐雾试验,研究了高温条件下氨分解气与天然气气氛对不锈钢材料耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:经过氨分解气和天然气气氛钎焊的304不锈钢扰流弹簧在24、48 h大气氧化试验后均产生明显腐蚀,且天然气保护气氛加剧了其腐蚀程度。炉中钎焊温度800~830℃达到304不锈钢材料的敏化温度区间,导致晶间腐蚀,对其抗氧化性能具有明显的影响,而对430不锈钢材料并未有明显影响。430不锈钢在同等条件下的耐腐蚀性能优于304不锈钢。建议热交换器水道管路中的扰流弹簧选择430不锈钢。Considering the safety and economy of enterprise production,the protective atmosphere in the brazing process of copper heat exchanger for domestic gas instantaneous water heater is changed from ammonia decomposition gas atmosphere to natural gas atmosphere.It is prone to oxidation corrosion for 304 stainless steel spoiler spring in water channel of a heat exchanger.Taking 430 and 304 stainless steel spoiler springs as the object,the springs were brazed at 800-830℃in a mesh belt high temperature brazing furnace with ammonia decomposition gas and natural gas atmosphere,then the atmospheric oxidation test for 24,48 h and neutral salt spray test for 72 h were carried out.The influence of ammonia dissociation gas and natural gas atmosphere at high temperature on the corrosion resistance of the stainless steels was studied.The results show that the 304 stainless steel spoiler spring brazed by ammonia decomposition gas and natural gas atmosphere produces obvious corrosion after 24 and 48 h atmospheric oxidation test,and the natural gas protection atmosphere aggravates its corrosion degree.The brazing temperature in the furnace of 800-830℃reaches the sensitization temperature range of 304 stainless steel,resulting in intercrystal corrosion,and it has an obvious impact on its oxidation resistance,but has no obvious impact on 430 stainless steel material.The corrosion resistance of 430 stainless steel is better than that of 304 stainless steel under the same conditions.It is recommended to choose 430 stainless steel spring in heat exchanger channel pipeline.

关 键 词：氨分解气 天然气 不锈钢 耐腐蚀性 

分 类 号：TG454[金属学及工艺—焊接] TG172