早期社会学家有城市理论吗?——马克思恩格斯、韦伯、涂尔干城市思想评析  

An Analysis of Marx,Engels,Weber and Durkheim's Urban Thought:Did Early Sociologists Have Urban Theories?

作　　者：定光莉 DING Guangli(School of Marxism,Jianghan University,Wuhan,Hubei 430000,China)

机构地区：[1]江汉大学马克思主义学院,武汉430000

出　　处：《城市学刊》2024年第2期72-79,共8页Journal of Urban Studies

基　　金：重庆市社科规划项目(2021NDQN05);江汉大学高层次人才科研启动项目(1020/06310001)。

摘　　要：早期社会学家说明了西欧城市的社会成分和生活特点,为城市研究作为一门独立学科奠定了理论基础。马克思和恩格斯阐明了资本主义生产方式在城市的集中表现;韦伯认为中世纪谋求城市自治和理性精神铺设了资本主义经济政治制度;涂尔干分析了社会分工引起的城市道德秩序转型。早期社会学家的城市思想各有侧重,并不都把城市作为直接研究对象,但在许多方面有一致看法,认为城市反映了社会的基本矛盾和其他多重矛盾,但其特殊地位只体现在封建社会向资本主义社会过渡时期,城市问题应放到更宏观的社会运行中去对待,所以不适合也没有必要建立一套面向未来的城市理论。Early sociologists illustrated the social components and life characteristics of Western European cities,laying a theoretical foundation for urban studies as an independent discipline.Marx and Engels clarified the concentrated expression of the capitalist mode of production in cities;Weber believed that the medieval pursuit of urban autonomy and rational spirit laid the foundation for the capitalist economic and political system;and Durkheim analyzed the transformation of the urban moral order caused by the division of labor in society.Early sociologists had different focuses on urban thinking,not all of which regarded cities as direct research objects.However,there was consensus in many aspects that cities reflected the basic contradictions and other multiple contradictions of society.However,their special status was only reflected in the transition period from feudal society to capitalist society,and urban issues should be treated in a more macro-level social operation.Therefore,it is not suitable or necessary to establish a future-oriented urban theory.

关 键 词：阶级 分工 城市权力 城市自治 道德秩序 

分 类 号：C06[社会学]